Download Protein Synthesis Notes Review

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Protein Synthesis Remediation
All questions and diagrams must be completed to receive ½ of the missed points back from your Ch. 12 test.
1. What are genes?
2. To make proteins, what does the DNA have to be decoded into?
3. What are the three parts that make up a RNA nucleotide?
4. What are the three differences between DNA and RNA?
5. If a DNA chain had the following sequence, CCGTAATAGCAT, what RNA nucleotides would
attach to this sequence?
6. What is mRNA stand for and what does it do?
7. What is rRNA stand for and what does it do?
8. What is tRNA stand for and what does it do?
9. What process produces a section of DNA is copied into mRNA?
10. What enzyme does this process of transcription?
11. What are the two main steps that this enzyme does during transcription?
12. What are the extra sections of DNA that are NOT needed for making proteins?
13. What are the sections of DNA that code for proteins called?
14. Draw a diagram that shows what happens to introns and exons to make mRNA from DNA
15. What is a codon?
16. If a mRNA sequence had the following nucleotides: AAGGUCAGACGGUGA, how many codons
are there?
17. What is the start codon?
18. What is Translation?
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19. Where does Translation occur?
20. Where in the cell does transcription occur?
21. Where in the cell does translation occur?
22. When does translation begin?
23. What brings amino acids to the ribosome?
24. How many different amino acids can a tRNA carry?
25. What are the three unpaired bases at the bottom of a tRNA called?
26. What type of bond forms between amino acids?
27. What do the codons on mRNA specify?
28. What are the three main steps of protein synthesis?
29. Put the following terms in order how they would happen. mRNA, DNA, protein, ribosome
30. What instructions are found in genes?
31. How can cells that have the same DNA produce different proteins?
32. Compare and contrast (what is similar and different) the following terms:
Transcription
Translation
33. Compare and contrast(what is similar and different) the following terms:
DNA
RNA
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For the statements below, write in the correct term: (some statements can have more than one
answer)
mRNA
tRNA
DNA
34. Brings amino acids to the ribosome
35. Is made in the nucleus but moves to the cytoplasm.
36. Is made by RNA polymerase
37. Has the anticodon at the bottom.
38. Has the nucleotides Adenine, Guanine and Cytosine
39. Has codons on it
40. Ribosomes attach to this first to start translation.
41. Has the nucleotide Uracil
42. Is replicated by DNA Polymerase
43. Has the start codon
Use the diagram of translation to answer the questions: (use I, II, III, and IV)
44. Which is the mRNA
45. Which is a tRNA
46. Which was made by transcription
47. Which is an anticodon
48. Which shows a peptide bond between two
amino acids
49. Which would have codons on it
Determine if the statements below are true or false. If false, change the underlined word to
make it true.
______________54.
______________55.
______________56.
______________57.
______________58.
______________59.
______________60.
Sections of DNA that are NOT used to make proteins are exons
On DNA Adenine bonds to Thymine, on RNA Adenine bonds Cytosine
Transcription is the production of mRNA from the DNA template
Amino acids are transported to the mRNA by tRNA molecules
There is a hydrogen bond between each amino acid
Each codon codes for only ONE amino acid
DNA Polymerase is the main enzyme for DNA replication
Complete the diagram on the last page by filling in each circle with the appropriate word(s):
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Happens in Nucleus
Happens in Cytoplasm
Protein Synthesis
2 main steps
Enzyme used
Starts with
Starts with
Organelle involved
DNA
Information
that is cut out
Instructions
left in
Brings amino acids
What is made
Protein or
polypeptide chain
What is made
Part that pairs
with codons