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Mitochondria
The mitochondria is an organelle that changes
the energy for the cell into energy that the cell
can use. They are special because they have
two layers of covering (two membranes). The
outside layer is smooth, but the inside layer is all
twisted, the twisting makes folds called cristae.
The cristae are where the mitochondria make
energy. They are found throughout the cell in the
Cytoplasm.
Real life example of a Mitochondria:
An example of mitochondria is a wind mill power
plant. The power plant takes energy from the
wind and turns it into electrical energy for a
house to use.
Nucleus
The nucleus holds the DNA for the cell. It tells
the cell what to do, and how to do it. The
nucleus is special because it has two layers
(membranes) separating it from the rest of the
cell, this is called a double membrane. The
membrane only lets a few things in and out of
the nucleus. There is only one nucleus and it is
found in the center of the cell.
A real life example of the nucleus is your brain.
Your brain holds all your memories and
knowledge. It also tells you what to do and
how to do it.
Nucleolus
The Nucleolus is the dark, inner part of the
nucleus. It’s a special area of the nucleus that
makes the ribosomes for the cell. It looks like a
nucleus within the nucleus.
A real life example of the Nucleolus is a
factory. The factory makes something that
then leaves the factory to go to the rest of the
world.
Ribosomes
Assembles proteins together. Each cell has a
lot of ribosomes. They are made in the
nucleolus and then go into the cell and put
together the proteins that the cell needs to
work. They are found in the cytoplasm and
attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
A real life example of a ribosome is a toy
maker. The toy maker takes parts of a toy and
puts it together in the right way so that the toy
will work.
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) is
the place in the cell where lipids are made and
where poisons and toxins are removed. The
SER is a part of a long twisted up membrane
that makes up an organelle called the
Endoplasmic Reticulum. It’s called smooth
because it looks smooth when you look at it
through a microscope. It looks smooth
because it doesn’t have any ribosomes
attached to it. It is found around the nucleus.
A real life example of the Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum is a water treatment plant. In the
water treatment plant, bad water (water with
germs, garbage and other gross stuff) goes in
and is changed into good water. Water with no
more gross stuff in it.
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is a
part of the long, twisted up membrane called
the Endoplasmic Reticulum. It’s called rough
because it looks bumpy when you look at it
through a microscope. It looks bumpy
because it’s covered in ribosomes. The RER is
where all the proteins that the cell is going to
send out to the body are made. The RER
sends all the proteins in a package to the Golgi
apparatus. These are found near the near the
nucleus in the cytoplasm.
A real life example of the RER would be a toy
factory. The toy factory is where all the toy
makers work. They toys get made by the
workers and then the factory sends the toys
out of the factory.
Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi Apparatus is another organelle
made up of a membrane. It looks like a stack
of pancakes with bubbles that go in and out of
it. In the Golgi apparatus, all the proteins that
the cell makes are grouped, sorted, and put
into containers to be sent out of the cell into
the body. They are found throughout the cell
in the cytoplasm.
A real life example of the Golgi is a post office.
At the post office, the mail from all over the
city comes in and is then grouped and sorted
so that the post office can send it back out to
the city to the right place.
Lysosome
Lysosomes are small organelles that are filled
with digestive enzymes, stuff that can dissolve
and break down food or other materials.
Lysosomes look like little circles in the cell.
They can move around the cell to wherever
they are needed. They “eat” up invaders to the
cell like bacteria that can make you sick, they
also “eat” the food the cell needs. Entering
and exiting cells and leaving Golgi apparatus.
A real life example of a lysosome is your
stomach. Your stomach has a lot of digestive
enzymes, liquids that can break down food.
When you eat the digestive enzymes in your
stomach break down your food so that you can
use it.
Chloroplast
Chloroplasts are an organelle with two layers
(membranes). The inside layer has small
structures inside it that take the energy from
the sun and change it into energy that the
plant can use in a process called
Photosynthesis. Chloroplasts have a
compound in them called Chlorophyll that
make the green color of plants. Found in the
cytoplasm of the cell.
A real life example of Chloroplasts is a solar
cell of a calculator. The solar cell takes the
energy from the light in the room and changes
it into electrical energy that makes the
calculator run.
Cytoskeleton
The Cytoskeleton are fibers (strings) made of
protein in the cytoplasm that help give the cell
it’s shape and help the cells move around.
They also help things move around in the cell
like both the muscle and the skeleton. They are
found along the Cell membrane.
A real life example of the cytoskeleton is a
railroad track. The track helps the train move
around and also can help the train deliver its
cargo (the stuff a train carries) from one place
to another.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is the covering of the cell.
This is a very special membrane because it
controls what can go in and out of the cell. It
also keeps everything in the cell from falling
apart. The cell is made up of a lipid bilayer,
which is two layers of lipids (fats) that stand
foot to foot. It surrounds the cell.
A real life example of the cell membrane is a
bouncer, door guard, at a club. The bouncer
only lets some people into the club, he keeps
other people out.
Another example of the cell membrane is a
plastic bag. It keeps everything inside it from
falling apart all over the place.
Cell Wall
The cell wall is an organelle that supports and
protects plant cells. It’s found on the outside
of the cells. It’s a lot harder than the cell
membrane.
A real life example of the cell wall is a
Tupperware container. (A plastic container)
The plastic container keeps everything inside,
but it also protects the stuff inside and gives
the stuff inside a particular shape.
Centriole
A centriole is a small set of microtubules
arranged in a specific way. When two centrioles
are found next to each other, they are usually at
right angles. The centrioles are found in pairs
and move towards the poles (opposite ends) of
the nucleus when it is time for cell division.
Important for Cell Division.
They are like bungees in a barrel. When it is time
for cellular division the bungee cords come out
and pull the chromosomes apart.
Vacuole
Vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells.
They are found in both animal and plant cells but
are much larger in plant cells. Vacuoles might
store food or any variety of nutrients a cell might
need to survive. They can even store waste
products so the rest of the cell is protected from
contamination. They are found in the cytoplasm
of the cell.
The vacuole is like a rain barrel because it collects and
holds water until it is needed by the cell.