Download BIO 2310 - MSU Denver

Nervous System

General functions:
 Sensory – receptors
 Integration & stores information as memory
 Response – motor – effectors
Classification
Central Nervous System – brain & spinal
cord
 Peripheral Nervous System

– Afferent
 Somatic
 Visceral
– Efferent
 Somatic
 Visceral = Autonomic Nervous System
Classification

Autonomic Nervous System
– Sympathetic Nervous System for fight or flight
response
– Parasympathetic Nervous System for rest and
relaxation response
Key Points

Classify the Autonomic Nervous System
 CNS or PNS
 Afferent or Efferent
 Sensory or Motor
 Somatic or Visceral
Neuron = Nerve Cell

Cell body
– Ganglion
– Nucleus

Cytoplasmic processes
– Axon = Fiber



Fiber tracts in CNS
Nerve in PNS
Sensory, Motor, Mixed
– Dendrite
Synapse

Junction between adjacent neurons
 [Telodendria – ends of axon]
 Neurotransmitters – chemicals bridging the
synapse
Neuroglia = Nerve glue

Supportive cells to neurons
 Ependymal cells – line the neurocoel and
provide nutrients
Neuroglial Cells

Oligodendroglia – produce myelin in CNS
which is white and speeds up nerve impulse
transmission
Neuroglial Cells

Astrocytes – Maintain blood brain barrier
Key Points

Parkinson’s Disease in humans is known to
be caused by a decrease in dopamine
(neurotransmitter) in the brain. Why not
just inject patients with IV dopamine?
Neuroglial Cells

Microglia – function as phagocytes
Key Points

What is a phagocyte?
Neuroglial Cells

Schwann Cells – Produce myelin in PNS
Key Points

What is meant by white matter?
 What is meant by gray matter?
Development of Nervous System

Neurulation
 Neural tube
– Germinal layer – medial, with mitosis
– Mantle layer – gray, cell bodies of neurons
– Marginal layer – white – cytoplasmic processes
without nuclei
Development of Nervous System

Neuroblasts form neurons
 Spongioblasts form neuroglia
 Alar plate is dorsal gray matter (nuclei)
 Basal plate is ventral gray matter