* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Heredity
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Oncogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Transposable element wikipedia , lookup
Pathogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Dominance (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Y chromosome wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
Ridge (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
Human Genome Project wikipedia , lookup
Neocentromere wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Heredity Objective 8 Describe the function of chromosomes. Identifying genes as parts of chromosomes that carry genetic traits. Let’s consult with Tim and Moby. Heredity film. In the past, traits were thought to be carried by the blood. We now know what genes are responsible for certain traits and that the genes are in every cell. We have used this information and completed the Human Genome project. The mapping out of the human DNA. Pass it on Every organism requires a set of instruction for specifying its traits. Heredity is the passage of these instruction from one generation to another. Heredity The passing of traits from parent to offspring. Heredity information is contained in genes, located in the chromosomes of each cell. Each gene carries a single unit of information. The different forms of a gene are called alleles. Alleles Different forms of a single gene. One is inherited from each parent and is located on a specific chromosomes They can be dominant or recessive. An inherited trait of an individual can be determined by one or by many genes, and a singles gene can influence more than one trait. A human cell contains many thousands of different genes. Let’s watch Tim and Moby give information about Genes. Genes Segments of DNA that carry hereditary instructions and are passed from one parent to offspring; located on the chromosome. Chromosomes They are composed of genes that provide the instruction for making all the proteins in an organism. They take on an X Shape so they can more easily divide among daughter cells. Chromosomes are directly related to the passing on of traits. A cell that has lost its chromosomes will be missing some genes and unable to produce offspring. Chromosomes control all cell processes This photomicrograph shows a specialized type of giant chromosomes called polytene chromosomes. Polytene chromosomes occur in many species of two-winged flies. Homologous chromosomes Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and have the same structure. Down syndrome is often called Trisomy 21 because most people with this condition have three copies of the number 21 chromosome. Down syndrome almost always results in mental retardation, though the severity of the retardation varies. http://www.brainpop.com/health/genetics growthanddevelopment/genetics/ Have you ever wonder , where did I get this red hair, blue eyes or dark skin color? Well it is all because of traits. Traits inherited characteristic: a quality or characteristic that is genetically determined. Traits can be dominant or recessive. Let’s the difference. Dominant Trait The trait observed when at least one dominant allele for a characteristic is inherited, and can be seen in every generation of offsping. Recessive Trait A trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited and is not seen in every generation of offspring. Human Genome Project Completed in 2003, the Human Genome Project (HGP) was a 13-year project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. After mapping out each gene then they begin to look at each chromosome. May of 2006 they were finish with all 26 pairs of chromosomes. Project goals were to identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA, determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, store this information in databases, improve tools for data analysis, transfer related technologies to the private sector, and address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project. What are some practical benefits to learning about DNA? Knowledge about the effects of DNA variations among individuals can lead to revolutionary new ways to diagnose, treat, and someday prevent the thousands of disorders that affect us. The end