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Transcription and Translation Getting Genetic Information out of DNA I. Transcription (DNA RNA) A. Background 1. DNA codes for protein production a. cannot leave nucleus b. must send out a “messenger” RNA – the chemical messenger 1. differences from DNA: a. single stranded b. ribose sugar c. Uracil (U) instead of (T) B. I. Transcription (DNA RNA) B. RNA – the chemical messenger 2. RNA’s Role... a. get DNA code to ribosome for protein synthesis 3. Types of RNA a. Messenger RNA (mRNA) 1. RNA copy of DNA code 2. takes copy to ribosome I. Transcription (DNA RNA) B. RNA – the chemical messenger 3. Types of RNA b. Transfer RNA (tRNA) 1. transfers amino acids (protein building blocks) to protein construction site (ribosome) I. Transcription (DNA RNA) B. RNA – the chemical messenger 3. Types of RNA c. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 1. structural RNA component of ribosomes 2. Ribosomes = rRNA and Protein I. Transcription (DNA RNA) B. RNA – the chemical messenger DNA | RNA DNA Template A C T G – – – – U G A C RNA Copy of DNA Message I. Transcription (DNA RNA) C. Process of Transcription 1. Enzymes unzip DNA (just like in replication) 2. RNA nucleotides bind to the exposed DNA nucleotides a. AGC TAA CCG (DNA) UCG AUU GGC (RNA) 3. RNA strand breaks free, leaves nucleus, heads to ribosome II. Translation (RNA Protein) * mRNA is translated into polypeptide (protein) *amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds *polypeptide continues growing until a “stop codon” is reached II. Translation (RNA Protein) A. Translating the Message 1. every 3 letters in RNA codes for ONE amino acid a. 3 letters = “codon” 2. every tRNA molecule is carrying ONE amino acid a. 3 exposed bases at the bottom are called “anticodons” II. Translation (RNA Protein) B. Steps in Translation 1. mRNA binds to the ribosome 2. tRNA brings amino acid to ribosome 3. exposed mRNA codon attracts complementary tRNA anticodon 4. mRNA and tRNA join, ribosome holds both in place II. Translation (RNA Protein) B. Steps in Translation 5. ribosome slides down to next codon 6. the next tRNA joins, ribosome creates a peptide bond between the two amino acids of the 2 adjacent tRNA molecules. *polypeptide (protein) continues growing until a “stop codon” is reached