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December 7, 2010 RNA and Protein Synthesis Take out your homework. Write on stamp sheet: 12/7 DNA Rep. w/ Comic WS • Warmup: – Read article: “NASA Life Discovery: New Bacteria Makes DNA with Arsenic” – Write a brief summary in the warmup section of your lab book • What are the main ideas? • What is surprising? Q: Why can’t DNA make proteins directly from itself? A: DNA can’t make anything- it’s only information. DNA can’t leave the nucleus, only copies of the message in mRNA form can! When mRNA copies a DNA molecules message, the process is called transcription. For a great link on protein synthesis go to: http://www.biostudio.com/demo_freeman_protein_synthesis.htm http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/# http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/crswr/protsynthmov.html http://www.ncc.gmu.edu/dna/ANIMPROT.htm http://www.eolas.ca/Micro_2.htm http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Protein%20Synthesis%20%20long.html RNA: (ribo-nucleic acid) a nucleic acid that is a messenger between DNA and the ribosomes Differences between DNA and RNA DNA RNA Types Single 1. mRNA (messengercarries DNA message to cytoplasm 2. tRNA (transfer-carries amino acids to mRNA and ribosomes 3. rRNA (ribosomes for proteins synthesis) Structure Double stranded Single stranded Found where? Nucleus ONLY nucleus & cytoplasm Nitrogenous bases ATCG AUCG Stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid Ribonucleic acid Job Long-term storage of information used to code for proteins Messenger b/w DNA and protein synthesis Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose Always remember… RNA loves U Write the RNA strand for each of these DNA strands: ½ Strand of DNA • GAATTACA • CCAATTAG • ATAGACAG • CCAGTACA RNA • • • • CUUAAUGU GGUUAAUC UAUCUGUC GGUCAUGU December 9, 2010 Translation: Protein Synthesis Warmup: Do this in the LAB section of your lab notebook. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Title: DNA Extraction What purpose did soap (SDS) have in the DNA extraction yesterday? Why is the same substance used in DNA extraction that is used in dishwashing? Why was Gatorade used instead of water in yesterday’s lab activity? What role did the components of the Gatorade play in extracting your DNA? How could extracting DNA from human cells be useful in today’s society? Transcription The process by which DNA is copied into mRNA Translation The decoding of a mRNA message into proteins mRNA Messenger RNA, is the copy of the DNA that carries information from the nucleus to the ribosome Travels to ribosome in cytoplasm mRNA: the link between nucleus and cytoplasm • mRNA attaches to the ribosome in the cytoplasm CODON Each combination of 3 nucleotides on a strand of mRNA tRNA Transfer RNA, matches up with mRNA and has an amino acid on its top ANTICODON A combination of 3 nucleotides on a tRNA that matches up with a codon on mRNA FACT Proteins are made up of amino acids What is a polypeptide? • A polypeptide is a string of amino acids • Many long polypeptide chains form a full protein rRNA Ribosomal RNA, glues together all of the amino acids into a polypeptide chain For a great link on protein synthesis go to: http://www.biostudio.com/demo_freeman_protein_synthesis.htm http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/# http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/crswr/protsynthmov.html http://www.ncc.gmu.edu/dna/ANIMPROT.htm http://www.eolas.ca/Micro_2.htm http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Protein%20Synthesis%20%20long.html The Genetic Code • The genetic code is a table that shows which codons match with each amino acid Table of Codons Video: RNA and RNAi http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/rnai.html Homework: • Use the Genetic Code in your textbook to determine the amino acids that the following strand of RNA codes for: AUG UUU AAA GGG CCC CAG UGA