Download December 7, 2010 - Ms. Chambers' Biology

December 7, 2010
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Take out your homework.
Write on stamp sheet:
12/7 DNA Rep. w/ Comic WS
• Warmup:
– Read article: “NASA Life Discovery: New Bacteria
Makes DNA with Arsenic”
– Write a brief summary in the warmup section of
your lab book
• What are the main ideas?
• What is surprising?
Q: Why can’t DNA make proteins directly from itself?
A: DNA can’t make
anything- it’s only
information.
DNA can’t leave the
nucleus, only
copies of the
message in mRNA
form can!
When mRNA copies a
DNA molecules
message, the
process is called
transcription.
For a great link on protein synthesis go to:
http://www.biostudio.com/demo_freeman_protein_synthesis.htm
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/#
http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/crswr/protsynthmov.html
http://www.ncc.gmu.edu/dna/ANIMPROT.htm
http://www.eolas.ca/Micro_2.htm
http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Protein%20Synthesis%20%20long.html
RNA:
(ribo-nucleic acid)
a nucleic acid that is a
messenger between DNA
and the ribosomes
Differences between DNA and RNA
DNA
RNA
Types
Single
1. mRNA (messengercarries DNA message to
cytoplasm
2. tRNA (transfer-carries
amino acids to mRNA
and ribosomes
3. rRNA (ribosomes for
proteins synthesis)
Structure
Double stranded
Single stranded
Found where?
Nucleus ONLY
nucleus & cytoplasm
Nitrogenous bases
ATCG
AUCG
Stands for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Ribonucleic acid
Job
Long-term storage of
information used to code
for proteins
Messenger b/w DNA and
protein synthesis
Sugar
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Always remember…
RNA
loves
U
Write the RNA strand for each of these
DNA strands:
½ Strand of
DNA
• GAATTACA
• CCAATTAG
• ATAGACAG
• CCAGTACA
RNA
•
•
•
•
CUUAAUGU
GGUUAAUC
UAUCUGUC
GGUCAUGU
December 9, 2010
Translation: Protein Synthesis
Warmup: Do this in the LAB section of your lab
notebook.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Title: DNA Extraction
What purpose did soap (SDS) have in the DNA
extraction yesterday?
Why is the same substance used in DNA extraction
that is used in dishwashing?
Why was Gatorade used instead of water in
yesterday’s lab activity?
What role did the components of the Gatorade play
in extracting your DNA?
How could extracting DNA from human cells be
useful in today’s society?
Transcription
The process by which DNA
is copied into mRNA
Translation
The decoding of a mRNA
message into proteins
mRNA
Messenger RNA, is the copy of the
DNA that carries information from
the nucleus to the ribosome
Travels to
ribosome in
cytoplasm
mRNA: the link between nucleus and
cytoplasm
• mRNA attaches to
the ribosome in the
cytoplasm
CODON
Each combination of 3
nucleotides on a strand of mRNA
tRNA
Transfer RNA, matches up with mRNA
and has an amino acid on its top
ANTICODON
A combination of 3
nucleotides on a tRNA that
matches up with a codon
on mRNA
FACT
Proteins are
made up of
amino acids
What is a polypeptide?
• A polypeptide is a string
of amino acids
• Many long polypeptide
chains form a full
protein
rRNA
Ribosomal RNA, glues together all of
the amino acids into a polypeptide
chain
For a great link on protein synthesis go to:
http://www.biostudio.com/demo_freeman_protein_synthesis.htm
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/#
http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/crswr/protsynthmov.html
http://www.ncc.gmu.edu/dna/ANIMPROT.htm
http://www.eolas.ca/Micro_2.htm
http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Protein%20Synthesis%20%20long.html
The Genetic Code
• The genetic code
is a table that
shows which
codons match
with each amino
acid
Table of Codons
Video: RNA and RNAi
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/rnai.html
Homework:
• Use the Genetic Code in your textbook to
determine the amino acids that the following
strand of RNA codes for:
AUG UUU AAA GGG CCC CAG UGA