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Nucleotide Monomer of nucleic acid – made up of a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group Base Pairing Bonds form between guanine and cytosine and Adenine and Thymine Transformation Process by which one bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria Deoxyribose •Sugar in DNA Double Helix •Shape of DNA Chromatin •DNA wrapped with proteins Replication •Process when DNA makes a copy of itself DNA Polymerase •Enzyme that makes the new strand of DNA Helicase •Enzyme that unwinds DNA Chromosome Structure that carries the genetic material – thread like Complementary This is what the new strand of DNA is called DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid VOCAB QUIZ #2 Words Messenger RNA Molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids Transfer RNA Molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis transcription Process by which a strand of mRNA is copied from a section of DNA enough information to code for 1 protein Translation Process by which a polypeptide is made from the instruction on a mRNA molecule Codon 3 nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid Anti-codon Group of 3 bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to a 3 nucleotide sequence on mRNA Genetic code Language of mRNA instructions on how to make a protein Amino acid Molecule made up of a carboxyl group, amino group, and an R group. Many of them together make a protein. Protein Sequence of amino acids – long chain Polypeptide Sequence of amino acids – long chain Mutation Any change in a DNA sequence that affects the genetic info DNA Double stranded contains all of the genetic code RNA Single stranded – contains info to code 1 protein