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Put the puzzle together…
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What did you discover about the DNA
molecule?
Today you will be Code
breakers and learn how to
break the code for creating
new DNA strands and how the
code in DNA is broken to
produce and make proteins!!
Do you remember the basic
form of DNA?
DNA Replication
DNA
needs to replicate itself for
the purpose of cellular division
Cells need to be created:
To replace cells that have died
like skin cells. How often to you
scratch your skin and see dead
cells?
To create a cell (sperm or egg
cell) to reproduce a new organism
Steps to DNA replication
DNA is unwound and unzipped by
enzymes
 The DNA code is read by DNA
polymerase which adds the
corresponding nucleotide (Nitrogenous
base, sugar and phosphate)
 Example Adenine is added to Thymine
and Cytosine is added to Guanine
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DNA before Replication
Both DNA Strands are read
and a new identical DNA
strand is created.
If the original DNA strand was
ATCGCCGTTA The corresponding
strand created would be TAGCGGCAAT
What strand would be created if the
original strand was AAAACCGGATTT?
The strand would be TTTTGGCCTAAA
You are so SMART!!!!!!!!!!!
Lets try a few more What
DNA strand would be created
from the following DNA
strand?
AATTACGCGGCCC
Did you say TTAATGCGCCGGG
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How about TATATACCGATTTA
Did you say ATATATGGCTAAAT
Great!!!
The DNA Polymerase also serves as a
proof reader to correct any mistakes
that could occur Mistakes occur in
1/10,000 nucleotides added. An error
creating a DNA could cause a disease
to occur or the wrong directions given
in another part of the cell.
Fun Fact… There are some people who
lack DNA polymerase and do not have
anyone to correct the errors in the DNA
made. They are more succeptable to
getting cancer when DNA is damaged
from exposure to UV rays.
How is the code read in the
DNA to create proteins and
give directions other places in
the cell?
I need 5 volunteers.
DNA-RNA Polymerase-mRNA-tRNA-Ribsome
Transcription
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The code to create proteins which lies in the
DNA must be carried to a place where there
are materials for the proteins to be created.
Where are proteins created?
DNA is copied to mRNA because DNA is too
big to leave through the nuclear pores.
If DNA was not copied the code could not be
transferred to the place it can be created.
mRNA is created
mRNA is created very similarly to how DNA is
replicated except for mRNA does not have
Thymine Instead it has uracil so when there
is an A in a DNA strand the mRNA would
have a U.
The DNA molecule is split open by RNA
polymerase
RNA polymerase looks for a specific code that
tells it when to start creating RNA called a
promoter.
The corresponding Nitrogenous bases are
added as well as the sugar and phosphate
attached.
Can you break the DNA code?
If the DNA sequence was
ATTCGGCCATT what would the mRNA
sequence be that was created?
 ___________________________
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Did you say UAAGCCGGUAA
 Yeah!!
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Lets try a few more
If the DNA sequence was ATTCCGCCGG
What would the mRNA sequence be?
 Did you say UAAGGCGGCC?
 How about TTCCGCGCGCCGAA?
 Did you say AAGGCGCGCGGCUU
 Great!!!
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Translation:is when proteins
are made from the mRNA
TrNA (Transfer RNA) is great at
breaking codes.
There is a specific code for every three
letter nitrogenous base sequence
These three letter sequences are called
codons.
Each codon tells which amino acid to add
to the protein.
Three letter Codes are
Codons.
For example….
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GUU signals a transfer rNA molecule to bring
Valine a specific type of amino acid.
If the three letters were GCC the tRNA would
bring Alanine and add it to the protein.
Just like building blocks make a wall
Different amino acids create a unique protein
If I gave you the RNA sequence of
CGGGUAUUAUGUGAAUGA what series of Amino Acids would
be created into a protein?
Did you say Arginine,Valine,Leucine, Cytosine and Glutamine?
YOU ROCK!!!!!
Lets try one more….. If I gave you the MrNA strand of
CGUAGUAGAAGGGCGUGA what Amino Acids would you
bring together?
Arganine, Serine, Argenine, Argenine,Alanine
FABULOSO!!!!!
Amino Acids connect to make
proteins
Here is a great picture of the
whole process….
To review, what does each do in the
process and where does it hang out?
First for DNA replication
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DNA strand , Nitrogenous Bases, Sugar
Phosphate backbone,Enzymes,DNA
polymerase
Now for transcription and
translation
DNA strand
 Nuclear Membrane
 RNA polymerase
 MrNA
 TrNA
 Ribosome
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Your Job…….
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Create 2 comic strips:
1 comic must illustrate how DNA is replicated
to create new cells
It must include all major players involved
They must talk about their role in the process
in your own words
They must be pictured in the location they do
their job.
The other comic….
Illustrates transcription and translation
(How mRNA is created from DNA and used to
create a unique protein)
 This comic must represent each player
involved….
 Each player must talk about their individual
role in the process
 Each player must be located in the
environment they do their job.
 Must be scientifically accurate
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This will be due….
Friday…
 You will have the rest of today to work
on this and Thursday if you are not
going to the play with Merlino..
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