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BELLWORK • Name one function of the cell membrane. • Class Answer: • Act as a barrier between the cell and it’s environment. • Maintain homeostasis. Learning Goal • Understand Cell Structures and functions Chapter 7.3 notes • Take out your notes from yesterday What are the other parts of the membrane? • Cholesterol keeps the fatty acid tails from sticking together, keeps the membrane stable. • Carbohydrates stick out from the cell surface to help cells identify chemical signals. Membrane Proteins Transport proteins allow things to move through the plasma membrane Channel protein – always open Carrier protein – only open to certain substances Membrane Proteins CELL STRUCTURES, FUNCTIONS AND TRANSPORT Animal Cells • Cytoplasm • Cytoskeleton - The environment −The supporting inside the plasma membrane - Semifluid material network of protein fibers that provide a framework for the cell −microfibers and microtublues Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Animal Cell Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Go to Section: Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 1. Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” • Function: holds the DNA • Parts: 1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that makes ribosomes • Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Go to Section: Cell Membrane Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 2. Ribosomes • Function: makes proteins • Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” • Function: The internal delivery system of the cell, ships proteins and lipids • Endoplasmic Reticulum “ER” 1.Rough ER: •Rough appearance because it has ribosomes •Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes 2.Smooth ER: •NO ribosomes •Function: makes fats or lipids Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 4. Golgi Complex • Nickname: The Mail Man • Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell • Appearance: stack of pancakes Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 5. Lysosomes: circular (but bigger than ribosomes) • Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” • Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old organelles Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Lysosomes Go to Section: Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 6. Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” • Function: Energy formation • Breaks down food to make ATP • ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy • Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Lysosomes Plant cells • Plant cells have some organelles that animal cells do not have Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 1. Large Vacuoles (animals may have a much smaller vacuole) • Function: stores water • This is what makes lettuce crisp • When there is no water, the plant wilts Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Plant Cell Vacuole Cell Membrane Go to Section: Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 2. Chloroplasts • Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell • Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Go to Section: Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 3. Cell Wall • Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane • Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section: Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Nucleus Mitochondria Rough ER Comparing Plant and Animal Cells Plant Animal Comparing Plant, Animal and Prokaryotic Cells Plant Animal Prokaryotes