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Transcript
The 6 Kingdoms of Life The grouping of organisms into Kingdoms is based on three factors: 1. Cell Type 2. Cell Number 3. Feeding Type 1. Cell Type: There are two types of cells • _____________________ • _____________________ They differ because of the presence or absence of cellular structures Prokaryotic Cells HAVE: • DNA (in the form of a naked loop) • Ribosomes • Cytoplasm • Cell membrane Ex. bacterial cell Prokaryotic Cells • DO NOT HAVE: • A membrane-bound nucleus • Any membranebound organelles Eukaryotic Cells (ex. animal cell) HAVE • Membrane-bound nucleus • DNA (wrapped into chromosomes) • Membrane-bound organelles • Cytoplasm • ribosomes With your partner... Prokaryotes Eukaryotes 2. Cell Number Organisms can be either: • ________________________ (Composed of only one cell) Or Ex. paramecium • ___________________________ (Composed of many cells) Ex. elephant 3. Feeding Type Organisms can be of the type that: • Makes its own food, known as an ______________________(producer) Or • Consumes other organisms to survive ______________________(consumer) Originally Linneus created two Kingdoms: • Plantae • Animalia We now need 6 Kingdoms to adequately classify life. The 6 Kingdoms of Life • Eubacteria (also known as Monera) • Achaebacteria (or Archea) • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia. Prokaryotes ____________ Eukaryotes ______________________ Archaea Prokaryotes Always unicellular Autotrophs Adapted to unusual and/or extreme conditions, such as very hot, very salty or anaerobic (no-oxygen) environments • Many are found in sulfur ponds and deep sea vents • • • • Eubacteria (Monera) Bacteria Prokaryotes Some autotrophs, some heterotrophs Always unicellular May have plant, fungal or animal characteristics, but lack organelles, including chloroplast • Reproduce by binary fission. • • • • • Protista • Eukaryotes • Mostly unicellular • Can be both autotrophs and heterotrophs • May have plant, fungal or animal characteristics • Some may have chloroplasts • Can divide into categories of animallike, plant-like and fungus-like protists. Protista (The Garbage Pile) phytoplankton Slime molds algae Other Helpful and Harmful Protists • Helpful: ex. diatomaceous earth from diatoms • Harmful: ex. red tide from dinoflagellates Some protists (sporozoans) can cause diseases such as: • Amebic dysentery (Diarrhea, vomiting) • Giardiasis (beaver fever) (Diarrhea, vomiting) • African sleeping sickness (Uncontrolled sleepiness) • Malaria (fever, chills, death) Fungi • Eukaryotes • Almost all multicellular (can be unicellular) • Most obtain complex food molecules from external source, absorbed through external surface (Heterotrophic) • Almost never capable of movement • Build cell walls that don’t contain cellulose • They have many nucleii but do not always have complete cell walls between them. Fungi are extremely important • By breaking down dead organic material, they continue the cycle of nutrients through ecosystems. • For food (ex. mushrooms, bread, beer, cheese) • Many antibacterial drugs are derived from fungi Ex. Penicillin Plantae Eukaryotes Multicellular Have cell walls with cellulose Autotrophic (perform photosynthesis using chlorophyll) • Includes flowering plants, mosses, and ferns. • • • • Animalia • Eukaryotes • Multicellular • Most obtain complex food molecules from external source, broken down and absorbed internally (heterotrophs) • Usually capable of movement • Incredibly diverse.