Download Genus Species - Dickinson ISD

Classification Notes (Taxonomy)
• Biologists use a classification system to name
organisms and group them in a logical manner
• Allows them to study the diversity of life
• Taxonomy-A discipline where scientists classify
organisms and assign each organism a universally
accepted name.
Binomial Nomenclature
• Naming system developed by Carolus Linnaeus
where each species is assigned a two-part scientific
name.
– Always written in ITALICS
– First letter of first word Capitalized
– Second word all lower case
– First word is the genus
– Second word is the species
– Always in Latin
– Example: Homo sapien
Hierarchial System
• Each level is called a TAXON.
• Remember: King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup
• Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus
Species
Phylogeny- The study of evolutionary relationships
among organisms.
• Used to develop a classification system.
Evolutionary Classification: Strategy of grouping
organisms together based on their evolutionary
history. Displayed in a cladogram.
Three Domains
• Bacteria – Eubacteria
• Archae – Archaebacteria
• Eukarya – Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Domain Bacteria
• Contains the kingdom Eubacteria.
• Unicellular and prokaryotic
• Thick rigid cell wall that contains peptidoglycan
• Some need oxygen (aerobes) and some do not
(anaerobes)
Domain Archae
• Includes kingdom Archaebacteria
• Unicellular and prokaryotic
• Live in extreme environments (volcanic hot
springs, etc.)
• Cell walls lack peptidoglycan
• Most survive in absence of oxygen
Domain Eukarya
• Includes kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and
Animalia
 Protista
• Eukaryotic with great variety
• Most are single-celled
• Some are photosynthetic while others
are heterotrophic.
 Fungi
• Heterotrophs
• Most feed on dead or decaying matter
• Most are multicellular, but some are
unicellular.
 Plantae
• Multicellular
• Photosynthetic autotrophs
• Non-motile
• Cell walls contain cellulose.
*Animalia
• Multicellular heterotrophs
• Do not have cell walls
• Most move about during at least part of
their life cycle.
Very diverse
Six Kingdoms
• Eubacteria
• Archaebacteria
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia