Download Notes: Date: Phylogeny is the study of among organisms

Notes : Date:_____________________________________
Phylogeny is the study of _______________________ _____________________ among organisms.
phylogenetic trees are made by comparisons of ________________________________________in protein or
nucleic acid sequence data.
Cladogram: diagram showing ancestral relations using ____________________ _____________________.
The higher the level of the____________, the farther back in time is the ___________________
__________________of all the organisms in the taxon.
Organisms that appear similar ________________________a recent common ancestor. (dog and _________)
Hybrids: offspring of crosses between parents with _______________ traits (different___________________!)
Dichotomous Key: paired statements containing _____________________________physical characteristics:
Cat ______hair/ Cat ______________________hair
How to use:
1. Read _________________________(couplet) and observe the specimen
2. Decide which statement ________________________to the current specimen
Only _________ of the statements can be true
3. Follow the instructions after the ________________statement (the one that describes the specimen)
4. Keep going until you ___________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_
Systems of classification _____________to new discoveries.
Linnaeus originally classified organisms into ____________ kingdoms—___________ and _____________.
Then, At First there were 5 Kingdoms: Monera (________________) Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
NOW We have ___ Kingdoms
Recently, biologists recognized that __________________ were composed of ___________ distinct groups:
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.______________________________________________________________
Now We use the ______________________ system of classification:
Eubacteria
EuBACTERIA
Archaebacteria
ARCHAEbacteriA
Protista
Fungi
Eukarya
Plantae
Animalia
Divided into ____________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Three-Domain System ________________________show new taxonomic categories that are now
recognized by many scientists. The domain is a more _________________category than any other —
_______________than a kingdom.
The three domains:
 Eukarya, which is composed of ______________, ______________, ___________ and_____________.
 Bacteria, which ____________________to the kingdom Eubacteria.
 Archaea, which ____________________ to the kingdom Archaebacteria.
Domain Bacteria
 Members of the domain Bacteria are_____________________ _______________________.
 Their cells have thick, __________ ________ __________ that surround a cell
membrane.
 Their cell walls contain ______________________________.
 They can be _________________________ or ________________________(how
they get _____________)
 The ______________ Bacteria corresponds to the ___________________ Eubacteria.
BACTERIA (Eubacteria)
 EXAMPLES: __________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Domain Archaea: _____________________ prokaryotes.
Many live in ____________________environments.
Their ________ _______ ________peptidoglycan,
Their cell membranes contain ___________________ _______________not found in any other organism.
The __________________ Archaea corresponds to the __________________--Archaebacteria.
Domain Eukarya:
Eukarya consists of organisms that_________________________________.
This domain is organized into__________kingdom: ____________________, _______________________,
______________________, ________________________
The four kingdoms of eukaryotes
Protista: composed of eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as____________________,
_________________ or __________________. Its members display the________________ ______________.
 They can be ______________________or ____________________________
 ___________________________ or ___________________________
 can __________________ _____________________________with
plants, fungi, or animals.
 EXAMPLES: _____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Fungi : Members are _________________________________.
feed on ____________or ____________________organic matter by
___________________digestive enzymes into it and
__________________________small food molecules into their bodies.
They can be either __________________(mushrooms) or _________________
(yeasts).
 EXAMPLES: ____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Plantae : Members
are____________________________________________________________.
are __________________________they cannot move from place to place.
Plants have _________________that contain ____________________________.
 EXAMPLES:
__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Animalia: all members are _______________________and ________________________
________________________have cell walls.
There is great diversity within the____________________________________, and many
species exist in nearly every part of the planet.
 EXAMPLES: _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________