Download Cell Structure

Read pages 412 - 417
Read page 412 - 417
All living things are classified into one of 6 kingdoms.
The six kingdoms are:
1. Eubacteria
(Monera)
2. Archaebacteria
(Monera)
6. Animalia
4. Fungi
3. Protista
5. Plantae
p. 411
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Until recently (1996) bacteria and
archaebacteria were together in the
kingdom Monera. Because of discoveries
over the last 20 years scientists have
decided that they are so different that they
should have their own kingdom.
Each Kingdom has a set of
characteristics that bind the
organisms in that group
together. These
characteristics are not ‘rules’
but more like guidelines.
Page 412
Eubacteria
Size:
Microscopic
Cell Structure:
Prokaryotic (small and simple) cells
No nucleus (brain of the cell)
No organelles (tiny organs of the cell)
Single-celled – only 1 cell big / unicellular
Eubacteria
Environments:
Found in most common
environments – water,
soil, mouth …
Nutrients:
Most bacteria cannot
make their own food
and therefore must live
in or on other
organisms
FYI: one of the
oldest and most
successful groups
of organisms on
earth
Useful bacterium.
Bacteria, such as Lactobacillus bulgaricus,
which turns milk into yogurt, can be useful
to humans.
Bacteria Video (5:00)
Archaebacteria
Cell Structure:
Prokaryotic cells
No nucleus
No organelles
Single celled
Size:
Microscopic
Archaebacteria
Environments:
Usually found
‘extreme’
environments
Colony of the Archaebacterium Methanosarcina mazei.
These primitive archaebacteria have unusual cell walls
and membranes and are methane producers.
http://www.visualsunlimited.com/browse/vu197/vu197368.html
Such as highly
acid lakes, the
bottom of the
ocean, in ice
flows, or in
boiling hot mud
or water
Halferax
volcanii - salt
loving, live in
Dead Sea &
Great Salt
Lake
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/
150/proceuc/proceuc.htm
PSYCHROPHILES...
Polaromonas vacuolata - cold loving live in Antarctic seas
Archaebacteria
Nutrients:
Most
archaebacteria
have to digest
chemicals not
useable (toxic) by
other organisms
FYI:
one of the
oldest and most
successful
groups of
organisms on
earth
Read pages 418 - 425
Protists
p. 459
Size:
Microscopic/
Macroscopic
Cell Structure:
Eukaryotic cells
Has a nucleus
Has organelles
Often multi-cellular
but sometimes
single celled
Protists
Environments:
Found in most
common
ponds, lakes
environments.
Nutrients:
Many
protists
make their
own food,
but some
cannot.
FYI:
This is the ‘catch all’ kingdom. If an
organism does not fit into another
kingdom it often winds up here.
Fungi
Video:
Video: Protists and Fungi (20)
p.481
Size:
Microscopic
&
Macroscopic
Cell Structure:
Eukaryotic
cells
Has a nucleus
Has organelles
Multi-cellular
Fungi
FYI:
Used to be
classified with
plants but now
we know they
are different
enough to have
their own
kingdom.
Environments:
Found in most
moist and warm
areas, often near
dead material
Nutrients:
Cannot make
their own food
so fungi must
live on or in
living or dead
organisms –
athlete’s foot,
ring worm,
diaper rash
Plantae
p. 501
Cell Structure:
Eukaryotic cells
Has a nucleus
Has organelles
Size:
Multi-cellular
Macroscopic
Has a large vacuole
Has a cell wall
Plantae
Environments:
Found in most areas where
freshwater and sunlight can be found
Nutrients:
Are able to make
their own food by
harnessing energy
from the sun
FYI:
Many organisms
depend on plants
because they have
the ability to make
food using the
energy from the sun
= photosynthesis
Plantae
Video: (18 min)
Kingdom of Plants
Animalia
Cell Structure:
p. 593
Eukaryotic cells
Has a nucleus
Has organelles
mitochondria, ER,
lysosomes
Size:
Macroscopic
Multi-cellular
–
Animalia
Environments:
Found in most areas where they can
find other organisms to eat.
FYI: Most
animals
have some
sort of
nervous
system
and the
majority
of animal
species
live in
oceans.
VIDEO: (20 min.)
The World
of Animals
Animalia
Nutrients:
Cannot
make their
own food
so animals
must eat
plants,
hunt, filter
feed, or
scavenge
for food.
A New Zealand
fisherman kneels next
to a giant squid
believed to have been
caught in early
February 2007 in
Antarctica's Ross
Sea. The giant squid,
known as a colossal
squid (scientific name
Mesonychoteuthis
hamiltoni) and
thought to be the
largest squid ever
found anywhere in the
world, weighed an
estimated 990
pounds, 330 pounds
heavier than the next
biggest specimen
ever found.
(New Zealand Ministry of
Fisheries/AP Photo