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Transcript
Classification
A Brief Introduction!
Picture yourself at a grocery store…
You want to find this…
Where do you go?
• Freezer aisle
– Ice cream area
You want to find this…
Where do you go?
• Breakfast/Cereal Aisle
– Cold Cereals
What’s the connection to science?
• Like a grocery store, we try to organize living
things in categories that make sense
– Helps everyone find what they need
– Makes it easier to describe life
• For an example…see the next slide!
Scientific name: Mephitis mephitis
What is classification?
• A way of arranging living things “scientifically”
• The arrangement of organisms into groups
based on their relationship to each other.
• Taxonomy—branch of science that classifies
organisms and assigns each a universally
accepted name.
– Not to be mistaken for…
Taxidermy!
Why classify?
• People naturally look for patterns, so do
scientists in living things.
• Note: classification systems change with our
new knowledge of living things (and even well
known organisms.)
– Example: Obtaining DNA information rearranged
the “tree of life” big time!
Who began classifying organisms?
• Carlus Linnaeus (AKA: Carl
von Linné…he’s Swedish) is
the father of taxonomy
– Lived from 1707-1778
• Created binomial
nomenclature
– Genus and species name
– Homo sapien
– Escherichia coli
Creating Order from Chaos
• Logical names created
– Tacitus bellus
• “Silent bell”
• Tacit = silent
• Bell = flower’s shape
– Helianthus giganteus
• “Giant Sunflower”
• Helio = sun
• Gigantic = giant
Science Names vs. Common Names
• Ailurus fulgens
• Red Panda
– Misnamed…it’s NOT a
panda!
• Closer to racoons
• CLOSEST to weasels
Top Level of Organizations…
• Domains
– 3 Domains: Eubacteria, Archaea and Eukarota
• Kingdoms
– Currently 6 kingdoms
– Use to be only 5
Taxonomic Classification
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
•
Species
6 Kingdom Overview
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eubacteria
Archaeabacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Bacteria/Eubacteria (=true bacteria)
Archaeabacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
What group do you think has the most
living species on earth today?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Flowers
Fungi
Bacteria
Insects
Mammals
Protists
Trees
Archaeabacteria
Recap…What does classification allow
us to do?
• Understand how living things are related!
Cladograms/Phylogenetic Trees