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Transcript
Chapter 2 “Cells” Section 1: “Cell Structure Pages CELL WALL protects the cell gives shape is made of cellulose A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most bacteria. CELL MEMBRANE Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells For cells with cell walls,the cell membrane is inside the cell wall Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell. CYTOPLASM gelatin-like inside cell membrane constantly flows aka protoplasm CYTOSKELETON scaffolding-like structure in cytoplasm helps the cell maintain or change its shape made of protein NUCLEUS Directs all cell activities Contains instructions for everything the cell does These instructions are found on a hereditary material called DNA Usually the largest organelle NUCLEAR MEMBRANE separates nucleus from cytoplasm controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus NUCLEOLUS Aka “little nucleus” Found in the nucleus Produces ribosomes CHROMATIN contains genetic code that controls cell made of DNA & proteins This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching. “Cell Structure” CHLOROPLASTS Green organelles that make food found only in plant cells CHLOROPHYLL A green pigment that gives leaves & stems their color Captures sunlight energy that is used to produce food called glucose Glucose is a type of sugar MITOCHONDRIA Organelles that release energy from food This energy is released by breaking down food into carbon dioxide AKA the powerhouse b/c they release energy from food Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria RIBOSOMES Make proteins Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM A series of folded membranes that move materials (proteins) around in a cell like a conveyor belt Smooth ER – ribosomes not attached to ER Rough ER – ribosomes attached to ER GOLGI BODIES (GAWL jee) Stacked flattened membranes Sort and package proteins VACUOLES Temporary storage spaces Store food, water, waste LYSOSOMES (LI suh sohmz) The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill body." The purpose of the lysosome is to digest things. They might be used to digest food or break down the cell when it dies. Break down food molecules, cell wastes & worn out cell parts FROM CELL TO ORGANISM Cell The basic unit of life Tissue Group of cells working together Organ Group of tissues working together Organ System Group of organs working together Organism Any living thing made of 1 or more cells NAME THE ORGANELLE a. Nucleus c. Golgi body b. Chloroplast d. Mitochondria 1- Nucleus 2- Chromosomes 3- Mitochondria 4- Ribosomes 5- Chloroplasts 6- Vacuoles 7- ER 8- Cell Membrane This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.