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Cell Organelles
What you need to know
An organelle is a membranebound structure that carries out
specific activities for the cell.
You will need to know the following organelles and their
function:
 Cell Membrane
 Nucleus
 Cytoplasm
 Mitochondria
 Golgi Complex
 Ribosomes
 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Cell Wall
 Chloroplast
 Central Vacuole
 Lysosome
Cell Membrane
 Every cell is
enclosed by a cell
membrane. It
controls the
passage of
materials in and out
of the cell.
Nucleus
 The control center of
the cell. It contains
the DNA code for the
cell coiled into
chromosomes.
 Usually the easiest
organelle to see under
the microscope
Cytoplasm
(not an organelle - but important)
 All organelles
reside (live and
float around in)
the cytoplasm.
Mitochondria
 This organelle
processes energy
for a cell. It makes
ATP.
 It is the cell’s power
house.
 Involved in cellular
respiration.
Golgi Complex
 The protein
packaging and
transport center of
the cell.
 Has incoming and
outgoing vesicles.
Ribosomes
(not an organelle - but important)
 Synthesizes proteins.
 Found free floating or
in Rough ER
 No membrane
present.
 Made in the
nucleolus
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Transports materials
throughout the cell.
 Makes lipids
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Covered with
ribosomes.
 Produces proteins.
 Transports materials
throughout the cell =
the “Highway” of the
cell
 Connected to
nucleus
Lysosome
 Breaks down
materials for
digestion = “the
Garbage Disposal”
 Contains special
enzymes for
digestion in the cell.
Cell Wall
(Plant and Bacteria Cell Only)
 Rigid and strong
wall outside the cell
membrane
 Protects and
maintains the shape
of the cell.
Chloroplast
(Plant Cell Only)
 Contains
chlorophyll.
 Makes plants green.
 Uses light energy to
make ATP & sugars.
 Photosynthesis
takes place here.
Central Vacuole
(Plant Cell Only)
 Most plant cells
have one large one.
 Storage container
for water, food,
enzymes, waste,
etc.
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 http://www.quia.com/mc/2744.html