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Transcript
Biology Biology Slide 1 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 2 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Eukaryotic Cell Structures Eukaryotic Cell Structures Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as organelles. Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus. Slide 3 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Eukaryotic Cell Structures Plant Cell Nucleolus Nucleus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nuclear envelope Ribosome (free) Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome (attached) Golgi apparatus Cell wall Cell membrane Chloroplast Mitochondrion Vacuole Slide 4 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Eukaryotic Cell Structures Animal Cell Nucleolus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Ribosome (free) Nuclear envelope Cell membrane Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome (attached) Centrioles Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Slide 5 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 6 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 7 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Nucleus What is the function of the nucleus? Slide 8 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Nucleus Nucleus The nucleus is the control center of the cell. The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's DNA and with it the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules. Slide 9 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cell City Slide 10 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 11 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Nucleus The Nucleus Chromatin Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Nuclear pores Slide 12 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Ribosomes What is the function of the ribosomes? Slide 13 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Ribosomes Ribosomes Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. Slide 14 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 15 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Endoplasmic Reticulum What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? Slide 16 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Endoplasmic Reticulum There are two types of ER—rough and smooth. Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Slide 17 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Endoplasmic Reticulum • The ER functions as a manufacturing and packaging system for proteins. It works closely with the Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes. Slide 18 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 19 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Golgi Apparatus What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? Slide 20 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Golgi Apparatus The Golgi apparatus appears as a stack of closely apposed membranes. Slide 21 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Golgi Apparatus • It is another packaging organelle like the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). • The Golgi apparatus gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex. • It then takes those big molecules, packages them in vesicles, and either stores them for later use or sends them out of the cell. • It is also the organelle that builds lysosomes (cell digestion machines). Slide 22 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 23 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Think Pair Share • How do the ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and Endoplasmic Reticulum work together? Slide 24 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure • Ribosomes create molecules the cell needs, like proteins • The Endoplasmic Reticulum stores or packages up those molecules • The Golgi apparatus ships those packages out of the cell Slide 25 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Vacuoles What is the function of vacuoles? Slide 26 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Vacuoles In many plant cells there is a single, large central vacuole filled with liquid. Stores sugar, nutrients, and water Vacuole Slide 27 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 28 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Mitochondria and Chloroplasts What is the function of the mitochondria? Slide 29 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Mitochondria Nearly all eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria. (Plants and Animals). Mitochondria convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. Mitochondrion Slide 30 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 31 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Think Pair Share • Do you think plant cells will have mitochondria? Slide 32 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure • Do you think plant cells will have mitochondria? • Yes! They still do. • But they also have… Slide 33 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Mitochondria and Chloroplasts What is the function of chloroplasts? Slide 34 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Chloroplasts Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Chloroplast Plants and some other organisms contain chloroplasts. Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. Slide 35 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 36 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Think Pair Share • Besides the chloroplast, what other structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not have? Slide 37 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure • Besides the chloroplast, what other structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not have? • Chloroplast, Cell Wall, Central Vacuole Slide 38 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoskeleton What are the functions of the cytoskeleton? Slide 39 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that helps the cell to maintain its shape. The cytoskeleton is also involved in movement. cyto= cell Slide 40 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 41 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Microfilament Ribosomes Mitochondrion Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 42 of 49 End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoskeleton Centrioles are located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division. Cell Organelle Interactive Plant and Animal Model Interactive Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 43 of 49 End Show 7-2 Click to Launch: Continue to: - or - Slide 44 of 49 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visible as a. a dense region called the nucleolus. b. the nuclear envelope. c. granular material called chromatin. d. condensed bodies called chloroplasts. Slide 45 of 49 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Two functions of vacuoles are storing materials and helping to a. break down organelles. b. assemble proteins. c. maintain homeostasis. d. make new organelles. Slide 46 of 49 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Chloroplasts are found in the cells of a. plants only. b. plants and some other organisms. c. all eukaryotes. d. most prokaryotes. Slide 47 of 49 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus? a. synthesize proteins. b. modify proteins. c. sort proteins. d. package proteins. Slide 48 of 49 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton? a. manufactures new cell organelles b. assists in movement of some cells from one place to another c. releases energy in cells d. modifies, sorts, and packages proteins Slide 49 of 49 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall END OF SECTION