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Generalized plant
cell with cell wall,
large vacuole and
chloroplasts
•Cell wall – made of
cellulose
•For support and
protection
•Generalized animal cell
•Showing the “organelles”
( mini – organ ,with a
specific job), suspended in
the jelly-like cytoplasm
•Outer cell or plasma
membrane for protection
•Also, regulates what is
going in and out of the cell
•NUCLEUS– circular, located in the center of the cell, contains the
DNA which is attached to proteins forming chromatin
•Information stored in the DNA directs the activities of the cell
•Nuclear membrane, with pores, surrounds nucleus
•Nucleolus – ball like mass of fibers and granules that make
RIBOSOMES
•RIBOSOMES – scattered throughout
the cytoplasm or attached to the
Endoplasmic reticulum
•Proteins assembled here – “Protein
Assembly Lines”
•ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM(ER) – extensive network of
membranes throughout cytoplasm, arranged in tubes and sacs
•Manufacture of molecules and transport throughout the cell
•RER – Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – bound ribosomes on the
outside,produce proteins that go straight into the ER
•SER – Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum – lacks ribosomes,builds
lipid molecules
•GOLGI APPARATUS - Scattered throughout cytoplasm
,arranged in series of flattened sacs
•Processing and shipping center – one side receives the vesicles
coming from the ER, refines and modifies the structure and the
other side moves it to other locations
•VACUOLES – scattered
throughout the cytoplasm
membrane bound
•Store undigested
materials
•Contractile vacuoles –
pumps out excess water
•Plants – large, central
vacuole - stores chemicals
that contribute to plant
growth
•LYSOSOMES –
scattered throughout
the cytoplasm,
membrane bound
•Contain digestive
enzymes that can
break down
macromolecules
•Nourishes the cell
•Destroy harmful
bacteria
•Recycling centers for
damaged organelles
•CHLOROPLASTS - scattered throughout the plant
cell,enclosed in envelope made up of two membranes ;
internal membranes divide the chloroplasts into
compartments which contain “membrane bound disks
which trap light energy”
•Conversion of light energy into chemical energy
•MITOCHONDRIA –
scattered throughout the
cytoplasm
•Site of cellular respiration
which is a process which
releases energy from sugars
and then uses it in the
formation of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) –
which is a kind of energy
currency
•Structure – envelope of 2
membranes, inner
membrane has numerous
foldings called “cristae”
•CYTOSKELETON – network of fibers extending
throughout the cytoplasm
•Microtubules straight hollow
tubes that give rigidity and
shape
•Provide tracks along which
other organelles can move
•Microfilaments – thinner solid
rods of protein,enable cell to
move or change shape
•FLAGELLA – long, thin , whip –like structures with a
core of microtubules
•Move with an “S-shaped” movement
•CILIA – shorter
and more numerous,
bundles of
microtubules
•With a “back and
forth” movement