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Transcript
Review What is the basic unit of structure and function of living things? What does cell theory say? Chapter 2 Section 4 Objectives: To describe the function of different organelles. To identify the different organelles in plant vs animal cells. Organelles Structures that make up cells Different functions Provide protection and support Form a barrier between the cell and its environment Building and repair cell parts Transport materials Store and release energy Get rid of waste materials Increase in number http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/images/plant_cell.gif http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/images/plant_cell.gif Cell Wall Provides support and protection in plant cells Made of cellulose A long chain of sugar molecules Stiff so that plants can grow tall Allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and some dissolved materials to pass into and out of the cell Cell Membrane Plant cell – just inside cell wall Animal cell – outside covering of cell and is made of phospholipids Provides protection and support for the cell Contains pores Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell Everything that the cell needs enters through the cell membrane All the harmful waste products exit through the cell membrane Warm Up Label the organelles that we talked about yesterday on the cell diagrams. Cell wall Cell membrane Nucleus Nuclear membrane Nucleus Large oval structure in cell Control center of cell Consists of Nuclear membrane Allows materials to pass into and out of nucleus Contains pores Chromosomes Direct activities in the cell including growth and reproduction Made of nucleic acids RNA and DNA Responsible for passing on traits of a cell to a new cell Made of nucleic acids Nucleolus “little nucleus” Makes ribosomes Cytoplasm Clear, thick, jellylike substance Constantly moving All of the organelles in the cell are located in the cytoplasm Mitochondria Rod-shaped Supply most of the energy for the cell Inside mitochondria simple sugars are broken down into water and carbon dioxide gas. This releases large amount of energy, which is stored in special energyrich molecules. More active the cell the more mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Maze of clear tubular passageways Transportation system for cell Carries proteins from one part of the cell to another OR carries proteins through the cell membrane and out of the cell Ribosomes Attached to surface of endoplasmic reticulum Grain like bodies Made of RNA (ribonucleic acid) directs the production of protein Protein making sites Some float freely in the cytoplasm Golgi Body Process, pack and transport proteins to be sent outside the cell. Warm Up Label the organelles that we talked about yesterday on the cell diagrams. Cell wall Nucleolus Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondria Nuclear membrane Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Body Chloroplasts In plant cells Green because of chlorophyll, which captures the energy of the sun Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts Chloroplasts An examination of leaves, stems, and other types of plant tissue reveals the presence of tiny green, spherical structures called chloroplasts, visible here in the cells of an onion. Chloroplasts are essential to the process of photosynthesis, in which captured sunlight is combined with water and carbon dioxide in the presence of the chlorophyll molecule to produce oxygen and sugars that can be used by animals. Without the process of photosynthesis, the atmosphere would not contain enough oxygen to support animal life. Oxford Scientific Films/Richard Kirby Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2006. © 1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Vacuoles The sacs floating around in the cell are vacuoles. They are the storage tanks in the cells. Plant cells usually have one large vacuole and animal cells may not have any or they may have several small vacuoles. Lysosomes Common in animal cells Not often seen in plant cells Small, round structure Involved in digestive activities of the cell Contain enzymes that break down large food molecules into smaller ones that are passed on to the mitochondria Lysosomes Digest old cell parts so that they can be reused Membrane surrounds lysosome so that it does not digest entire cell Digests cell if cell is injured or dead Warm Up Label the organelles that we talked about yesterday on the cell diagrams. Cell wall Chloroplasts Cell membrane Vacuoles Nucleus Lysosomes Nuclear membrane Nucleolus Cytoplasm Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Body http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm http://www.rkm.com.au/CELL/cellimages/cellannot70 0.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)#Anatomy _of_cells Homework