Download 2-4 Looking Inside Cells

Review
 What is the basic unit of structure and function of
living things?
 What does cell theory say?
Chapter 2
Section 4
Objectives:
 To describe the function of different organelles.
 To identify the different organelles in plant vs animal
cells.
Organelles
 Structures that make up cells
 Different functions
 Provide protection and support
 Form a barrier between the cell and its environment
 Building and repair cell parts
 Transport materials
 Store and release energy
 Get rid of waste materials
 Increase in number
http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/images/plant_cell.gif
http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/images/plant_cell.gif
Cell Wall
 Provides support and protection in plant cells
 Made of cellulose
 A long chain of sugar molecules
 Stiff so that plants can grow tall
 Allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and some
dissolved materials to pass into and out of the cell
Cell Membrane
 Plant cell – just inside cell wall
 Animal cell – outside covering of cell and is made
of phospholipids
 Provides protection and support for the cell
 Contains pores
 Controls the movement of materials into and out
of the cell
 Everything that the cell needs enters through the cell
membrane
 All the harmful waste products exit through the cell
membrane
Warm Up
 Label the organelles that we talked about yesterday on
the cell diagrams.
 Cell wall
 Cell membrane
 Nucleus
 Nuclear membrane
Nucleus
 Large oval structure in cell
 Control center of cell
 Consists of
 Nuclear membrane
 Allows materials to pass into and out of nucleus
 Contains pores
 Chromosomes
 Direct activities in the cell including growth and reproduction
 Made of nucleic acids RNA and DNA
 Responsible for passing on traits of a cell to a new cell
 Made of nucleic acids
 Nucleolus “little nucleus”
 Makes ribosomes
Cytoplasm
 Clear, thick, jellylike substance
 Constantly moving
 All of the organelles in the cell are located in the
cytoplasm
Mitochondria
 Rod-shaped
 Supply most of the energy for the cell
 Inside mitochondria simple sugars are broken down
into water and carbon dioxide gas. This releases large
amount of energy, which is stored in special energyrich molecules.
 More active the cell the more mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Maze of clear tubular passageways
 Transportation system for cell
 Carries proteins from one part of the cell to another
 OR carries proteins through the cell membrane and out
of the cell
Ribosomes
 Attached to surface of endoplasmic reticulum
 Grain like bodies
 Made of RNA (ribonucleic acid) directs the production
of protein
 Protein making sites
 Some float freely in the cytoplasm
Golgi Body
 Process, pack and transport proteins to be sent outside
the cell.
Warm Up
Label the organelles that we talked about yesterday on
the cell diagrams.
 Cell wall
 Nucleolus
 Cell membrane
 Cytoplasm
 Nucleus
 Mitochondria
 Nuclear membrane
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Ribosomes
 Golgi Body
Chloroplasts
 In plant cells
 Green because of chlorophyll, which captures the
energy of the sun
 Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
An examination of leaves, stems, and other types of plant tissue reveals the presence of tiny green,
spherical structures called chloroplasts, visible here in the cells of an onion. Chloroplasts are
essential to the process of photosynthesis, in which captured sunlight is combined with water and
carbon dioxide in the presence of the chlorophyll molecule to produce oxygen and sugars that can
be used by animals. Without the process of photosynthesis, the atmosphere would not contain
enough oxygen to support animal life.
Oxford Scientific Films/Richard Kirby
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2006. © 1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Vacuoles
 The sacs floating around in the cell are vacuoles.
They are the storage tanks in the cells.
 Plant cells usually have one large vacuole and animal
cells may not have any or they may have several small
vacuoles.
Lysosomes
 Common in animal cells
 Not often seen in plant cells
 Small, round structure
 Involved in digestive activities of the cell
 Contain enzymes that break down large food
molecules into smaller ones that are passed on to the
mitochondria
Lysosomes
 Digest old cell parts so that they can be reused
 Membrane surrounds lysosome so that it does not
digest entire cell
 Digests cell if cell is injured or dead
Warm Up
Label the organelles that we talked about yesterday on
the cell diagrams.
 Cell wall
 Chloroplasts
 Cell membrane
 Vacuoles
 Nucleus
 Lysosomes
 Nuclear membrane
 Nucleolus
 Cytoplasm
 Mitochondria
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Ribosomes
 Golgi Body
 http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm
 http://www.rkm.com.au/CELL/cellimages/cellannot70
0.jpg
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)#Anatomy
_of_cells
Homework