Download 3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure.

3.2 Cell Organelles
KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Cells have an internal structure.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Cells have an internal structure.
• The cytoskeleton has many functions.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Cells have an internal structure.
• The cytoskeleton has many functions.
– supports and shapes cell
3.2 Cell Organelles
Cells have an internal structure.
• The cytoskeleton has many functions.
– supports and shapes cell
– helps position and transport organelles
3.2 Cell Organelles
Cells have an internal structure.
• The cytoskeleton has many functions.
– supports and shapes cell
– helps position and transport organelles
– provides strength
3.2 Cell Organelles
Cells have an internal structure.
• The cytoskeleton has many functions.
– supports and shapes cell
– helps position and transport organelles
– provides strength
– assists in cell division
3.2 Cell Organelles
Cells have an internal structure.
• The cytoskeleton has many functions.
– supports and shapes cell
– helps position and transport organelles
– provides strength
– assists in cell division
– aids in cell movement
• Microtubules and
microfiliments
Cytosol (cytoplasm) is the fluid,
jellylike substance found
throughout the cell.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins.
• The nucleus stores genetic information.
• The nucleolus makes ribosomes
3.2 Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins.
• The nucleus stores genetic information.
• Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins.
• The nucleus stores genetic information.
• Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.
• There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins.
• The nucleus stores genetic information.
• Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.
• There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
– rough endoplasmic
reticulum
3.2 Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins.
• The nucleus stores genetic information.
• Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.
• There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
– rough endoplasmic
reticulum
•
Has ribosomes
– smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
•
Can break down
lipids and alcohol
(lysosomes
cannot)
3.2 Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins. (continued)
• Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins. (continued)
Once a ribsome has linked
amino acids to make a protien,
the protein travels to the
GOLGI APPARATUS (body)
•The golgi body processes,
sorts and delivers protein.
(think of a post office)
3.2 Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins. (continued)
• Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.
• Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Golgi Body in action
3.2 Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins. (continued)
Process Review
•
•
•
•
1) Genes hold instructions for making proteins
2) Nucleolus makes a ribosome
3) Ribosome makes protein & travels through rough ER
4) Golgi Body packages the protein into a vesicle and
exports them
3.2 Cell Organelles
Other organelles have various functions.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Other organelles have various functions.
• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Other organelles have various functions.
• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Other organelles have various functions.
• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.
• Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Other organelles have various functions.
• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.
• Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.
• Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes.
– Centrioles help divide
DNA.
– Centrioles form cilia and
flagella.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.
• A cell wall provides rigid support.
3.2 Cell Organelles
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.
• A cell wall provides rigid support.
• Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy.
•Perform photosynthesis (plants)
CO2 + H20 + sunlight  Sugar + O2
•Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight & converts it into glucose (sugar)
3.2 Cell Organelles
Endosymbiosis Theory: Chloroplast & mitochondria
were free-living organisms
• Both were engulfed by a larger predator cell
• Both gave the larger cell an advantage (make food and
energy)
• Predator cell provided each protection
Over time, these cells could not survive without the
mitochondria & chloroplast
Evidence: Mitochondria & chloroplast contain own DNA,
replicate, contain own ribosomes