Download Cells and Organelles

Vocabulary
cell
prokaryote
eukaryote
microscope
theory
function
multicellular
unicellular
organelle
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
cell membrane
cell wall
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Nucleuolus
ribosome
Videos
A History of the Cell:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dscY_2QQbKU&featu
re=related
Bill Nye on Cells
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RU5Ymc00S4w
Animal Cell
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fzj6TRnXmps&feature=related
Plant Cell
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uohe2V4yOzE&feature=related
The Cell Theory
Principal # 1
All organisms are made of one or more
cells.
– Some organisms are made up of one cell
– Others are multicellular or made up of many
cells
Principal # 2
The cell is the most basic unit of life.
Principal # 3
All existing cells are produced by other
living cells.
I. All Cells
A. Tend to be microscopic
B. Have a few key structures:
i. are enclosed
by a membrane.
ii. are filled with
cytoplasm.
cell membrane
cytoplasm
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
II. Prokaryotic Cells
A. Are the most basic cells
B. Unicellular
C. Contain simple structures
– Cell membrane
– cytoplasm
– genetic material (DNA) genetic just floats
around in the cell
– Organelles that do not have a membranes
D. Example: Bacteria
Stop and Jot
• What comes to mind when you think of
bacteria?
– Take two minutes to write your thoughts down
in your notes
Bacteria
There are many different types of bacteria
– Some can cause disease
– Some recycle important natural resources through
decomposition
– We use some bacteria to make food, particularly
milk products
• Cheese, yogurt, sour cream, buttermilk
III. Eukaryotic Cells
A. Contain simple structures of Prokaryotes
B. Contain a nucleus which holds the
genetic material
C. Have multiple organelles with
membranes
D. Unicellular or Multicellular
E. Example: Plant or Animal cells
Eukaryotic Cell
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
** Eukaryotic Cells: **
 Remember, eukaryotic cells are those
that have a true nucleus and have
organized, complex organelles.
 Both PLANT and ANIMAL cells fall under
the category of Eukaryotic Cells.
Animal cell: what do you see?
Organelles in an animal cell:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
I. What are organelles?


Definition: Organelles are specialized structures that
perform important cellular functions within eukaryotic
cells
You have a body that has organs that do specific
things so your whole body will work. An organelle
is like an organ for the cell.
II. Nucleus
a. STRUCTURE: large organelle in the
center of the cell that controls
everything that happens in the
cell…the “brain” of the cell
b. FUNCTION:
-Stores all genetic material
(DNA)
Nucleus
V. Nucleolus
A. DEFINITION: small, dense structure in
the nucleus that creates rRNA.
B. FUNCTION:
1. Creates ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
2. rRNA is very important in making ribosomes
a. Ribosomes are involved in making proteins
Nucleolus
VI. Cytoplasm
A. DEFINITION: all material in the cell
except for the nucleus.
1. A gooey liquid that fills the cell
and acts as support
2. All organelles except nucleus
B. FUNCTION:
1. It supports the cell…kind of like bubble
wrap or packing peanuts protect a
package.
Cytoplasm
VII. Cellular membrane
A. DEFINITION: thin, flexible layer that
surrounds the cell’s cytoplasm.
B. FUNCTION:
1. Controls what goes into and out of the cell
2. Protection
Cellular membrane
I. Ribosome
A. Definition: a small, dense organelle
made mostly from rRNA (ribosomal
RNA)
B. Placement in cell: attached to
endoplasmic reticulum or free in
cytoplasmic liquid.
C. Function:
1. Makes proteins
Ribosome
II. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
A. Definition: a system of folded tube-like
structures attached to the nucleus.
B. Function:
1. Folds proteins
2. Transports proteins
3. Site of ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
III. Golgi Apparatus:
A. Definition: a system of folded
tube-like structures NOT
attached to the nucleus.
B. Function:
1. packages things that are made
in the cell to be transported to
another organelle or outside of
the cell (i.e. enzymes, proteins,
hormones)
Golgi Apparatus
IV. Mitochondria:
A. Description: a membrane-enclosed
organelle with cristae (folds) inside.
B. Function:
1. Creates the ATP (chemical energy) that
most of the cell uses.
Mitochondria:
Lysosomes
A. Definition: small organelles within the
cytoplasm that are filled with enzymes
B. Function: Break down…
i.
food into small particles that can be used by
the rest of the cell
ii. organelles that are no longer needed and
other waste in the cell
Vacuoles
A. Definition: fluid-filled sac
i. Small in animal cells
ii. Large in plant cells
B. Function: Used to store materials
needed by the cell like water, food and
enzymes
i. Supports heavy structures like leaves and
flowers in plants
Vacuole in a Plant Cell
Organelles found ONLY in
Plants:
Cell Walls
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
A. Definition: A rigid layer that surrounds
the cell membrane
B. Function: To provide support and
protection for the cell
i.
The cell walls of multiple cells can attach to
one another to support the organism
ii. Cell walls are made of different materials
depending on the organism
Cell wall
Chloroplast
A. Definition: are organelles that have a
double membrane and stacks of disc-like
shapes containing chlorophyll
B. Function: Use energy from the sunlight
to make food for the cell through the
process of photosynthesis
i. Chlorophyll gives plants their green color
ii. Like mitochondria because it provides
energy
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Large vacuole
PLANT CELL
Nucleus
Cell
Membrane
ANIMAL
PLANT
Fill in the chart
Organelles
Plant
Animal
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Square
Circle
Vacuole
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Shape
Answer Key
Plant
Animal
Vacuole(s)
1 large
Many small
ones
Chloroplast
Yes
No
Cell Wall
Yes
No
Cell membrane
Yes
Yes
Cytoplasm
Yes
Yes
Shape
Square Like
Circle Like
Can you identify the organelles?
I’m a real “powerhouse”
That’s plain to see
I break down food
To release energy
What am I? ______________________
I’m strong and stiff
Getting through me is tough
I’m found only in plants
But I guess that’s enough
What am I? ______________________
I’m the brain of the cell
Or so they say
I regulate cell activities
From day to day
What am I? ____________________
Found only in plant cells,
I’m green as can be
I make food for the plant
Using the sun’s energy
What am I? ______________________
I’m a series of tubes
Found throughout the cell
I transport proteins
And other things as well
What am I? ___________________
I’m full of holes
Flexible and thin
I control what gets out
And what comes in
What am I? _________________
Proteins are made here
Even though I’m quite small
You can find me in the cytoplasm
Or attached to E.R.’s wall
What am I? ______________________
I’ve been called a “storage tank”
By those with little taste
I’m a sac filled with water
Food, enzymes, or waste
What am I? ______________________
Since I contain many enzymes,
I can digest an injured cell;
And can break down a large molecule
Into a smaller one as well
What am I? ______________________
Exit Ticket
1.
Which organelle makes proteins and is located in the cytoplasm or on
the surface of ER?
a. nucleus
b. golgi apparatus
c. ribosome
2. Where is DNA housed in Eukaryotic cell?
a. inside a cell’s cytoplasm
b. inside a cell’s nucleus
c. inside a cell’s nucleolus
3. Which scientist coined the term “cell” after the cells or rooms of a
monastery?
4. Name 1 of the principals of the cell theory.
5. What are the two key structures that ALL cells have?