Download Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes
Monera
Archae, Bacteria
Simple
Smaller .5 to 2um (~1/1000th mm)
ANALOGY
No Nucleus
-DNA in nucleoid region
Prokarytic cell wall (peptidoglycan)
-rigid, maintain shape of cell
-protection
- surrounds plasma membrane
Capsule – found around some prokaryotes
over cell wall
- sticky polysaccharide covering
- protection
- found on many pathogenic bacteria
that use to avoid your WBC’s
Projections
- Pili – help prokaryote attach to
surfaces and other cells
- prokaryotic flagella – motility
(swimming)
- can have 1 or more (many)
- rotates like a screw
Organelles (Structures within cell having
specialized funtion):
1. flagella
2. ribosomes
3. chromosome – DNA plus associated
proteins
NO MEMBRANE BOUND
ORGANELLES IN PROKARYOTES
semifluid
- aqueous fluid that fills the cells between
organelles.
Eukaryotes
Protista, Fungi, plantae, animalia
Eukarya
Complex
10 to 100um (1/10th to 1/100th mm) – 10 to
100X larger diameter than prokaryotes
DNA in Nucleus
Eukaryotic cell wall
-plants (cellulose)
-fungi (chitin)
-algae (glycoproteins and polysacc)
(similar functions to prokaryotes)
No Capsule
Projections
- eukaryotic flagella - whips back and
forth like a cats tail
- cilia – more numerous and shorter
than flagella
prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella are
structurally DIFFERENT
Organelles:
1. Non membranous organelles like
bacteria plus others like centrioles
2. Membrane bound organelles –
compartments to maintain a unique
metabolic environment
SEE ORGANELLE CHART
cytosol
- aqueous solution that fills the cell
between organelles
Cytoplasm
- cytosol plus non-membranous organelles
(i.e. ribosomes)