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DNA The nucleus All of the cells genetic information is found in the nucleus and is contained in threadlike structures called chromosomes. Chromsom es N ucleus This genetic information: 1. controls of all the cells activities 2. determines the cells characteristics Every living organism has a characteristic number of chromosomes and each one of their cells contains an identical copy of these chromosomes. This is important to ensure that every cell has all of the characteristics of the organism. This characteristic number is known as the chromosome complement and varies from species to species. Each individuals DNA is unique. Genes are passed on from parent to offspring. Structure of chromosomes Chromosomes are made from tightly coiled molecules of a chemical substance called DNA. DNA All the genetic information of an organism is contained within it’s DNA DNA is a code that determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid DNA consists of two strands which are arranged in a twisted coil structure known as a double helix. Each of these strands has a backbone to which molecules called bases are attached. There are four different bases which are arranged into a code of genetic information. National 4 1 A section of DNA containing a single piece of genetic information is called a gene. A gene is a section of a chromosome that contains a single piece of genetic information The function of DNA The genetic information contained within the DNA can be thought of as a list of genetic instructions that the cells uses to make proteins. Proteins are made from amino acids joined together into chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids and the differences between proteins are due to the amino acids they contain. DNA is a sequence of bases and each set of three bases codes for a specific amino acid. This tells the cell what order to add the amino acids in when making a protein e.g. National 4 2 Check point B1 Level 4 E&O I can use my understanding of how characteristics are inherited to solve simple genetics problems and relate this to my understanding of DNA genes and chromosomes Nat 4 DNA, genes and chromosomes Genes are located on chromosomes in the nucleus. Genes are made of DNA which carries instructions to make proteins. Each individuals DNA is unique. Genes are passed on from parent to offspring. National 4 3