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The Cell Theory – a timeline
• Late 1500’s: -first lenses used in Europe
-used to determine cloth
quality
(weave and precision)
-combos of lenses gave
better view
Early
1600’s
Early 1600’s
• Leeuwenhoek first
to see living
microscopic orgs.
in pond water
Robert Hooke ( 1665)
• Used light
microscope to look
at thin slices of plant
tissues -- cork
• Called tiny
chambers “cells”
Matthias Schleiden 1838
• German Botanist
(plants) concluded
that ALL PLANTS
ARE MADE OF
CELLS
Theodore Schwann -- 1839
• German zoologist
concluded that ALL
ANIMALS ARE
MADE OF CELLS.
Rudolf Virchow -- 1855
• German physician
who studied cell
reproduction and
conluded that
CELLS COME
FROM PREEXISTING
CELLS.
The Cell Theory
• All living things are made of cells
• Cells are the basic unit of
structure and function in living
things.
• New cells are produced from
existing cells
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
• Prokaryotes:
*NO NUCLEUS OR MEMBRANE BOUND
ORGANELLES
*Have cell membranes, cytoplasm and DNA
Ex. Bacteria (unicellular)
• Eukaryotes:
*Contain NUCLEUS and ORGANELLES that
perform specialized functions.
*Can be unicellular or multicellular
Ex: plants, fungi, animals, protists
Figure 7.4 A prokaryotic cell
Organelles
Function/Organelle
• Control:
*Nucleus
Where is it found?
(plant and animal)
• Assembly, Transport, and Storage:
*Endoplasmic reticulum
*Ribosomes
*Golgi apparatus
*Vacuoles
*Lysosomes
* Cell Membrane
* Cell Wall
* Nuclelous
(plant and animal)
(plant and animal)
(plant and animal)
(plant and animal)
(plant and animal)
(plant and animal)
(plant only)
(plant and animal)
• Energy transformations:
*Chloroplast
*Mitochondria
(plant only)
(plant and animal)
Cell Membrane
• Surrounds the cell, regulates what goes
in and out of the cell.
• Maintains homestasis.
Cytoplasm
• Jelly-like substance that holds
organelles in place.
Nucleus
• Controls cell activities and directs protein
synthesis.
Nucleolus
“Little Nucleus”
• Makes ribosomes for the cell
Nuclear Membrane/Envelope
• Surrounds the nucleus and regulates what
goes in and out of the nucleus.
Cell Wall
• Made of cellulose, protects the plant
cell and gives support.
Endoplasmic reticulum –
“highway system”
• 2 types: smooth (no ribosomes) and rough
(has ribosomes).
• Transports materials in the cell.
Ribosomes
“protein factories”
• Makes proteins
• The “free” ribosomes in cytoplasm
make proteins for the cell that they are
INSIDE of.
• Ribosomes that are attached to ER
make proteins for OUTSIDE OF
CELL.
Golgi apparatus
“Gift wrapper/UPS system”
• Modifies, sorts, ships cell products
Vacuoles
“Bank Vaults” or “Trash cans”
• Stores water, minerals, food, broken
down cell parts, wastes in the cell.
Lysosomes
“Suicide bags”
• Breaks down proteins, carbs, fats,
nucleic acids and old organelles.
Mitochondria
“Powerhouse”
• Provides energy, carries out cellular
respiration.
Chloroplast
“Powerhouse for Plant”
• Carries out photosynthesis for plant
cells
Cytoskeleton
• Network of fibers in cytoplasm.
• Provides support.
Cilia
• Short hair-like projections used for
movement.
Flagella
• Long whip-like tail used for
movement.