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Transcript
Monday, Sept. 28th Bell-ringer: Please get out your notebooks, and go to page 23. Agenda: •Bell-ringer •Objective •Review “Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic” notes •“Cell Structure: Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer” Objective: •Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells, either one cell or many different numbers and types of cells (S.7.LS.1) 1 Write the following: 8/24/15 Safety Rules 6-7 8/27/15 Observing, Analyzing, Inferring, and Hypothesizing 9 9/1/15 “What is Science?” and Scientific discoveries 10-11 9/8/15 Scientific inquiry/method 13 9/11/15 Scientific fact/theory 15 9/14/15 All Living things Do This… 17 9/15/15 Characteristics of Living Things 18 9/21/15 How Living Things are Organized 19 9/23/15 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells 23 Ninth entry… Date: 9/23/15 Description: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Page #: 23 Title page 23, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells •These are single celled organisms. •They have no nucleus, but have DNA. •Their DNA is scattered throughout the cell. •They are very small even under a microscope. Examples: Bacteria and Archaea •These are the largest cells. •All living things that are not bacteria or archaea are made of eukaryotic cells. •They have a nucleus with DNA inside. Examples: Animals, plants, and fungi Write the following: 8/24/15 Safety Rules 6-7 8/27/15 Observing, Analyzing, Inferring, and Hypothesizing 9 9/1/15 “What is Science?” and Scientific discoveries 10-11 9/8/15 Scientific inquiry/method 13 9/11/15 Scientific fact/theory 15 9/14/15 All Living things Do This… 17 9/15/15 Characteristics of Living Things 18 9/21/15 How Living Things are Organized 19 9/23/15 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells 23 9/28/15 Cell Structures: Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer 25 Tenth entry… Date: 9/28/15 Description: Cell Structures: Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer Page #: 25 Title page 25, Cell Structures: Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer Directions: 1. Fold your “Cell Structures: Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer” like a hamburger. It should flip open like a book with the title on the front and “Glue Here” on the back. 2. Apply glue to the “Glue Here” box. The best way to get the sheet to stick is to trace over the “Glue Here” box and then make an “X” through the center of the box. 3. To place in your notebook –line up the folded edge of your sheet with the red margin line on the left to ensure it is straight. To make sure the page doesn’t stick out the bottom of your notebook, line up the top of the sheet with the top blue line- press firmly to glue in place. 4. Now, you have your sheet on the right side of your notebook, you still have plenty of room for student output on the left! *First entry on the sheet* Cell Theory tells us… 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. 3. Cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. © Getting Nerdy, LLC What is a Cell? A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions – i.e. has all of the characteristics of living things. Notice how the shape of the cell determines what its function is… Egg or Ovum Sperm Cell Smooth Muscle Cell Neuron Red Blood Cell Osteocyte or Bone Cell White Blood Cell Connective Tissue Cell Intestinal Cell © Getting Nerdy, LLC Epithelial Cell from Cheek Examples of Cells Elodea Leaf Cell Amoeba Proteus Nerve Cell Red Blood Cell © Getting Nerdy, LLC Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells • Simple, unicellular organisms • Do not have membrane-bound organelles • Bacteria ONLY! • Includes Kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria • We like to say “PRO?” “NO!”… meaning NO nucleus, NO organelles © Getting Nerdy, LLC Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells • Complex organisms - most living things • Can be unicellular or multicellular • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes • For this, We like to say “EU (YOU)?” “TRUE!”… meaning TRUE nucleus, TRUE organelles © Getting Nerdy, LLC Tuesday, Sept. 29th Bell-ringer: Discuss with your neighbor, “What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?” Agenda: •Bell-ringer •Objective •“Cell Structure: Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer” Objective: •Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells, either one cell or many different numbers and types of cells (S.7.LS.1) 11 Cell Membrane NO ENTRY! All Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells Cell Membrane Structure: this organelle • What Locatedifon outside of cell. from the • were Made missing of phospholipid bilayer: cell? phosphates and (fats) could go in • lipids Materials and out unfiltered Function: • Cell would lack • Determines structure what goes in/out of cell • Protects and supports cell © Getting Nerdy, LLC CELL MEMBRANE: The PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER is semi-permeable, meaning it allows some materials to pass through freely, while other materials cannot. © Getting Nerdy, LLC Cytoplasm All Prokaryotic & Cytoplasm Eukaryotic cells What if this organelle Structure: were missing from the Jelly-like material found inside cell? cell membrane • Organelles would have no protection Function: • Nutrients could cell’s not Supports and protects organelles. Containscellsome diffuse through nutrients for cell © Getting Nerdy, LLC mmm…jelly doughnut! Nucleus/Nucleolus/DNA ONLY in Eukaryotic cells (Prokaryotes have Free-floating DNA not bound by a nucleus) Structure: Nucleus/Nucleolus/DNA and… ACTION! • Has a nuclear membrane to allow What ifinthis were materials andorganelle out missing frommaterial the cell?– DNA • Contains genetic (chromosomes) which contain • Cell could not function instructions for traits • No direction for organelles • Contains dark central ball called the nucleolus (makes ribosomes) Function: Directs cell activities © Getting Nerdy, LLC Wednesday, Sept. 30th Bell-ringer: Discuss with your neighbor, the functions of the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Agenda: •Bell-ringer •Objective •“Cell Structure: Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer” Objective: •Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells, either one cell or many different numbers and types of cells (S.7.LS.1) 16 Ribosome All Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells Ribosome Structure: • Not bound by aorganelle membrane What if this werecell missing from the • Each contains thousands (little BLACK cell? dots in the pictures to the right) • Cells would not have • Found on endoplasmic building blocks to reticulum & freely floating create organelles, etc. throughout cell Function: Makes protein © Getting Nerdy, LLC ORDER UP! Mitochondria All Eukaryotic Cells Mitochondria Structure: What if this organelle Rod wereshaped missingand fromfound the throughout cell I’ve got the POWER! © Getting Nerdy, LLC cell? • Function: Cells would not be able •to“Powerhouse” of cell to create energy •perform Producesfunctions energy from sugar through chemical reactions (Cellular Respiration) Chloroplast Eukaryotic Plant cells Chloroplast ONLY What if this organelle Structure: were missing from the • Found in plant cells cell? • Contains green chlorophyll • Plants would not be Function: able to make food Photosynthesis uses sunlight to make sugar for plant © Getting Nerdy, LLC I’m Sweet! Golgi Bodies (aka Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Complex) All Eukaryotic Cells Golgi Bodies Structure: What if this organelle Made of 5-8 sacs were missing from the Function: cell? • Processes and packages • Cell would not be able & lipids toproteinspackage or •transport Move materials within materials the cell and out of the Pack it up, Move efficiently it out! cell in small sac called “vesicle” © Getting Nerdy, LLC Endoplasmic Reticulum All Eukaryotic cells What if this organelle were missing from the Structure: cell?and sacs • Series of tubes • Some ribosomes – Smooth: without ribosomes would notribosomes have a – Rough: with home Function: • Proteins would not Transports proteins and breaks have of down drugs ain thesystem cell transport © Getting Nerdy, LLC All Aboard! Lysosome All Eukaryotic Cells Lysosome Structure: What if this organelle Vesicle built by the Golgi were missing from the bodies cell? Function: • Cells would not be able •toDigestsbreak excess or worn down out organelles, food materials particles, and engulfed Break it DOWN! © Getting Nerdy, LLC viruses or bacteria. • “Disposal” of the cell Vacuole All Vacuole Eukaryotic cells Structure: What if this organelle • were LARGEmissing in plant cells, fromsmall the in animal cells. cell? • Contains water & nutrients • Cell would not have a storage area for water, Function: food, etc. •• Help Plantplants cellsmaintain wouldshape lose • Storage, shape digestion, & waste removal © Getting Nerdy, LLC Let’s go for a dip! Cell Wall Cell Wall All Prokaryotic Cells & Need some support? © Getting Nerdy, LLC Eukaryotic Cells What if thisPLANT organelle ONLY from the were missing cell? Structure: • Found Plantonly andinbacteria plant cellscells & bacteria would cells lack support and protection Function: Supports & protects cells Thursday, Oct. 1st Bell-ringer: Study your organelles and their function. (5 minutes) Agenda: •Bell-ringer •Quiz •Objective •Complete “Cell Structure: Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer” questions Objective: •Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells, either one cell or many different numbers and types of cells (S.7.LS.1) 25 Friday, Oct. 2nd Bell-ringer: Review Agenda: questions/answers with •Bell-ringer •Science current events neighbor from sheet. Objective: •Objective •“Comparing Cell Organelles” sheet •Research everyday applications and interactions of science and technology. (SC.O.7.3.05) •Evaluate and critically analyze mass media reports of scientific developments and events. (SC.O.7.3.06) •Explore the connections between science, technology, society and career opportunities. (SC.O.7.3.07) •Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells, either one cell or many different numbers and types of cells (S.7.LS.1) 26 In both Only Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Let’s Compare… in Eukaryotes: Chloroplast Mitochondria Cell Wall – Bacteria and Plants Genetic Material - DNA Ribosome Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Golgi Bodies Vacuole Endoplasmic Lysosome Reticulum © Getting Nerdy, LLC How many can you remember? Lysosome DNA Nucleolus Endoplasmic Reticulum Nuclear Membrane Ribosome Mitochondria Vacuole Golgi Bodies Cell Membrane © Getting Nerdy, LLC Cytoplasm Location, Location, Location… Why are the organelle locations important? Think about their jobs and let’s discuss… • • • • Where is the nucleus? What does it do? Where is the nucleolus? What is it’s job? Where are the ribosomes? Why are they important? What about the Endoplasmic Reticulum? What does it transport? © Getting Nerdy, LLC Location, Location, Location… The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It is located in the center because of the need to send messages via proteins and other chemicals at the same rate to all other organelles within the cell. If it were located at the edge of the cell, organelles at the opposite edge would not receive messages as quickly as those located near the nucleus itself. © Getting Nerdy, LLC Location, Location, Location… The nucleolus inside the nucleus makes ribosomes. Those ribosomes are then sent out of the nucleus through the pores in the nuclear membrane where they may be free floating throughout the cell or attach themselves to the E.R. Because the ribosomes make proteins, it makes sense that they are attached to the E.R. which transports proteins to other parts of the cell. And because the nucleolus makes ribosomes, it makes sense that the E.R. is located around the nucleus, to receive the ribosomes as they exit through the nuclear membrane. Location is IMPORTANT! © Getting Nerdy, LLC Title page 24, Comparing Cell Organelles Directions: 1. Fold your “Comparing Cell Organelles” sheet like a hamburger. It should flip open like a book with the title on the front and “Glue Here” on the back. 2. Apply glue to the “Glue Here” box. The best way to get the sheet to stick is to trace over the “Glue Here” box and then make an “X” through the center of the box. 3. To place in your notebook –line up the folded edge of your sheet with the red margin line on the left to ensure it is straight. To make sure the page doesn’t stick out the bottom of your notebook, line up the top of the sheet with the top blue line- press firmly to glue in place. Cell Comparison: Bacteria, Plant & Animal Cells You wouldn’t know it by looking at them, but Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have a lot in common! Bacteria, plants and animals share a lot of the same organelles. This activity will help you to see the similarities and differences between the basic cell structures. Be sure to follow the directions for coloring in order to make those connections between the cells. © Getting Nerdy, LLC What Do: CreateYou Your Cells: First, a moment to identifyabove, the organelles present each cell.page For Now, take using the information color the cellsinon your each organelle that key is present, color above. the box Be in careful the column the following the color in the table and pay designated color that organelle. Remember, some the attention to thefor number identification provided for cells you share for each same check for eachcolor, cell type below cell. organelles, Remember,soif you you may colorhave one aitem a certain everything depending on the organelle. Check Your Work… else that looks like that item should also be that color as well. Organelle 1. Cell membrane Color Purple Bacteria Present in the cell? Plant X X X 2. Cytoplasm White X X X Orange (No Nucleus ) (Has a Nucleus ) (Has a Nucleus ) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3. DNA (Eukaryotic: includes Nucleus. Nucleolus, nuclear membrane; Prokaryotic: circular DNA) 4. Ribosome Black (already colored) 5. Mitochondria 6. Vacuole 7. Golgi Body 8. Endoplasmic Reticulum 9. Lysosome 10. Chloroplast 11. Cell Wall © Getting Nerdy, LLC Red Light Blue Yellow Dark Blue Pink Dark Green Light Green X X X Animal