Download AP2A Ch3 Cells

CH. 3 THE CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle
Ch. 3 THE CELLULAR LEVEL OF
ORGANIZATION
ORDER OF TOPICS
 Introduction
 3.1 The Cell Membrane
 Structure
Lab 4
 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
 The Nucleus
 The Plasma Membrane
 Membrane Transport  Lab 9
 Generation of a Resting Membrane Potential
 Cell-Environment Interactions
 Cell Growth and Reproduction  Labs 5 & 6
 Protein Synthesis  Labs 7 & 8
Terms to know prior to class
 Cell Theory, Diversity, Size, 3 main parts of cells
 Cell Membrane functions, main component of double layer
Integral membrane proteins
 Definition of Cytoplasm, Cytosol, and Organelles
 Basic functions of Cell Membrane, Double layer-main components
 Mitochondria Function & Cell Respiration Reaction
 Ribosomes—all
 Endoplasmic Reticulum Types & Structure
I Overview of the Cellular Basis of Life
Cell Theory
Cell Diversity
Cell Size: 2µm to 1m
Slide 1
Cell Anatomy
Slide 2
 Three main regions
1.
2.
3.
Figure 3.1a
II THE CELL MEMBRANE
A. Basic Functions:
• Boundary
• Protection
• Regulates movement of substances
Plasma membranes are
Semi-Permeable!
Slide 3
Slide 4
B. Fluid Mosaic Model: Structure and Composition
1. Consistency:
2. Double layer of:
• Hydrophilic
• Hydrophobic
• Mostly unsaturated- effect?
• Inner & outer surfaces:
P
Plasma Membrane: phospholipid structure
Slide 5
3. Cholesterol
• Location
• Function
4. Glycolipids
• Location
• Function
= 20%
Figure 3.2
Slide 6
4. PROTEINS– Integral & Peripheral
a) Integral Membrane Proteins:
Functions: Fig. 3.4-all
b) Peripheral Proteins:
Functions: Fig 3.4-c,d
Example--
Integral Protein
Peripheral
Protein
Slide 7
5. Glycoproteins:
- Glycocalyx-- Is in contact w/ extracellular Fluid
Function: Fig 3.4-f
Functions of Membrane Proteins– Fig. 3.4
 Transport
 Enzymatic activity
 Receptors for signal
transduction
Figure 3.4.1
Functions of Membrane Proteins …
 Intercellular adhesion
 Cell-cell recognition
 Attachment to
cytoskeleton and
extracellular matrix
Figure 3.4.2
C. Membrane Junctions
Membrane Junctions =
• Tight junctions:
• Desmosomes:
• Gap junctions:
Figure 3.3
 SKIP “TRANSPORT ACROSS
MEMBRANES” P. FOR NOW
 GO TO TEXT P.
The Cytoplasm and Organelles
III. The Cytoplasm and Organelles
A. Introduction-- Components
1. Organelles:
 Endomembrane
System
2. Cytosol:
3. Other
 Vesicles
 Vacuoles
 Granules
B. Endomembrane System Organelles
1. Mitochondria
a) Structure
 Outer membrane
 Inner membrane
 Cristae
 Matrix
b) Function
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY
32ADP + 32P  32ATP
c) DNA
2. Ribosomes
 Size
 Structure
 Composition
 Function
3. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
a) Structure
b) Types
i) Rough ER
- Structure
- Functions
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Function
Ribosome
mRNA
Rough ER
Protein
Transport
vesicle buds off
Proteins travel to Golgi or
cell membrane
Protein inside
transport vesicle
Figure 3.5, step 4
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum … b) Types …
ii) Smooth ER
- Structure
- Functions
4. Golgi apparatus
Rough ER
a) Structure
b) Functions
i) Secretion Vesicles
Golgi
apparatus
Pathway 1 Vesicle
Figure 3.6 Plasma membrane
Secretion …
Golgi vesicle containing
membrane components
fuses with the plasma
membrane
Pathway 2
Pathway 2
Figure 3.6
iii) Makes Lysosomes
Rough ER
Lysosome fuses with
ingested substances
Membrane
Golgi vesicle containing
digestive enzymes
becomes a lysosome
Pathway 3
Golgi
apparatus
Figure 3.6
C. Peroxisomes
- Structure
- Function
- contain enzymes = Oxidases & Catalases
- Then, H2O2  H2O and O2
D. Cytoskeleton
 Composition:
 Functions:
 Types: Microtubules, Microfilaments, & Intermediate
Filaments
 Composition & Functions-- STUDENTS DO
Figure 3.7a
E. Centrioles
 Made of:
 Location:
E. Centrioles …
 Functions:


F. Organelles that cause Cellular Movement
1. Flagella
2. Cilia
 Function:
 mucus
2. Cilia …
Figure 3.27b
G. Plasma Membrane Specializations
1. Microvilli
Example:
Figure 3.3
IV. The Nucleus
A. Function:
B. Contains:
C. Components
1. Nuclear envelope
 Pores
2. Nucleoli
3. Chromatin-DNA
Chromatin …
 histones: organize DNA
 nucleosomes
 chromosomes = each
contains 2 duplicate
DNA molecules
- Chromatids
Figure 3.29
Chromosomes …
Chromosomes …
 Centromere:
 Chromosome Function:
 Homologous DNA Molecules
– 23 pairs
 Homologous Chromosomes
 2n cells
 1n cells
Duplicated
DNA
molecules
Chromatin
Chromosome
END
 TO NEXT PPT
Review Question
2a. Why is the cell membrane considered semi-permeable?
2b. Phospholipids make good boundary forming molecules in water
because they have ____________ heads that are attracted to
water and _______________ tails that do not mix with water.
Review Question
5. Match the following organelles to their functions:
Ribosome
a. Metabolize lipids and detoxify
certain chemicals
Mitochondria
b. Powerhouse of the cell
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Body
c. Makes proteins
d. Makes proteins, helps make new
membrane, sends out secretions
e. Modifies proteins, helps make
new membrane, makes lysosomes,
sends out secretions
Review Questions
1. Which of the following are true concerning cell
diversity?
A.Cells can contain different amounts of the different
organelles.
B.Different cell types carry out many different functions.
C. Different types of cells make different types of proteins.
D.All cells have at least a few microvilli, cilia, and flagella.
Review Questions
1. Which of the following are true concerning cell
diversity?
A.Cells can contain different amounts of the different
organelles.
B.Different cell types carry out many different functions.
C. Different types of cells make different types of proteins.
D.All cells have at least a few microvilli, cilia, and flagella.
Review Questions
1. Which of the following are true concerning cell
diversity?
A.Cells can contain different amounts of the different
organelles.
B.Different cell types carry out many different functions.
C. Different types of cells make different types of proteins.
D.All cells have at least a few microvilli, cilia, and flagella.