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Transcript
CH. 3 THE CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION Epithelial Connective Nervous Muscle Ch. 3 THE CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION ORDER OF TOPICS Introduction 3.1 The Cell Membrane Structure Lab 4 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles The Nucleus The Plasma Membrane Membrane Transport Lab 9 Generation of a Resting Membrane Potential Cell-Environment Interactions Cell Growth and Reproduction Labs 5 & 6 Protein Synthesis Labs 7 & 8 Terms to know prior to class Cell Theory, Diversity, Size, 3 main parts of cells Cell Membrane functions, main component of double layer Integral membrane proteins Definition of Cytoplasm, Cytosol, and Organelles Basic functions of Cell Membrane, Double layer-main components Mitochondria Function & Cell Respiration Reaction Ribosomes—all Endoplasmic Reticulum Types & Structure I Overview of the Cellular Basis of Life Cell Theory Cell Diversity Cell Size: 2µm to 1m Slide 1 Cell Anatomy Slide 2 Three main regions 1. 2. 3. Figure 3.1a II THE CELL MEMBRANE A. Basic Functions: • Boundary • Protection • Regulates movement of substances Plasma membranes are Semi-Permeable! Slide 3 Slide 4 B. Fluid Mosaic Model: Structure and Composition 1. Consistency: 2. Double layer of: • Hydrophilic • Hydrophobic • Mostly unsaturated- effect? • Inner & outer surfaces: P Plasma Membrane: phospholipid structure Slide 5 3. Cholesterol • Location • Function 4. Glycolipids • Location • Function = 20% Figure 3.2 Slide 6 4. PROTEINS– Integral & Peripheral a) Integral Membrane Proteins: Functions: Fig. 3.4-all b) Peripheral Proteins: Functions: Fig 3.4-c,d Example-- Integral Protein Peripheral Protein Slide 7 5. Glycoproteins: - Glycocalyx-- Is in contact w/ extracellular Fluid Function: Fig 3.4-f Functions of Membrane Proteins– Fig. 3.4 Transport Enzymatic activity Receptors for signal transduction Figure 3.4.1 Functions of Membrane Proteins … Intercellular adhesion Cell-cell recognition Attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix Figure 3.4.2 C. Membrane Junctions Membrane Junctions = • Tight junctions: • Desmosomes: • Gap junctions: Figure 3.3 SKIP “TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANES” P. FOR NOW GO TO TEXT P. The Cytoplasm and Organelles III. The Cytoplasm and Organelles A. Introduction-- Components 1. Organelles: Endomembrane System 2. Cytosol: 3. Other Vesicles Vacuoles Granules B. Endomembrane System Organelles 1. Mitochondria a) Structure Outer membrane Inner membrane Cristae Matrix b) Function Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY 32ADP + 32P 32ATP c) DNA 2. Ribosomes Size Structure Composition Function 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum a) Structure b) Types i) Rough ER - Structure - Functions Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Function Ribosome mRNA Rough ER Protein Transport vesicle buds off Proteins travel to Golgi or cell membrane Protein inside transport vesicle Figure 3.5, step 4 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum … b) Types … ii) Smooth ER - Structure - Functions 4. Golgi apparatus Rough ER a) Structure b) Functions i) Secretion Vesicles Golgi apparatus Pathway 1 Vesicle Figure 3.6 Plasma membrane Secretion … Golgi vesicle containing membrane components fuses with the plasma membrane Pathway 2 Pathway 2 Figure 3.6 iii) Makes Lysosomes Rough ER Lysosome fuses with ingested substances Membrane Golgi vesicle containing digestive enzymes becomes a lysosome Pathway 3 Golgi apparatus Figure 3.6 C. Peroxisomes - Structure - Function - contain enzymes = Oxidases & Catalases - Then, H2O2 H2O and O2 D. Cytoskeleton Composition: Functions: Types: Microtubules, Microfilaments, & Intermediate Filaments Composition & Functions-- STUDENTS DO Figure 3.7a E. Centrioles Made of: Location: E. Centrioles … Functions: F. Organelles that cause Cellular Movement 1. Flagella 2. Cilia Function: mucus 2. Cilia … Figure 3.27b G. Plasma Membrane Specializations 1. Microvilli Example: Figure 3.3 IV. The Nucleus A. Function: B. Contains: C. Components 1. Nuclear envelope Pores 2. Nucleoli 3. Chromatin-DNA Chromatin … histones: organize DNA nucleosomes chromosomes = each contains 2 duplicate DNA molecules - Chromatids Figure 3.29 Chromosomes … Chromosomes … Centromere: Chromosome Function: Homologous DNA Molecules – 23 pairs Homologous Chromosomes 2n cells 1n cells Duplicated DNA molecules Chromatin Chromosome END TO NEXT PPT Review Question 2a. Why is the cell membrane considered semi-permeable? 2b. Phospholipids make good boundary forming molecules in water because they have ____________ heads that are attracted to water and _______________ tails that do not mix with water. Review Question 5. Match the following organelles to their functions: Ribosome a. Metabolize lipids and detoxify certain chemicals Mitochondria b. Powerhouse of the cell Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Body c. Makes proteins d. Makes proteins, helps make new membrane, sends out secretions e. Modifies proteins, helps make new membrane, makes lysosomes, sends out secretions Review Questions 1. Which of the following are true concerning cell diversity? A.Cells can contain different amounts of the different organelles. B.Different cell types carry out many different functions. C. Different types of cells make different types of proteins. D.All cells have at least a few microvilli, cilia, and flagella. Review Questions 1. Which of the following are true concerning cell diversity? A.Cells can contain different amounts of the different organelles. B.Different cell types carry out many different functions. C. Different types of cells make different types of proteins. D.All cells have at least a few microvilli, cilia, and flagella. Review Questions 1. Which of the following are true concerning cell diversity? A.Cells can contain different amounts of the different organelles. B.Different cell types carry out many different functions. C. Different types of cells make different types of proteins. D.All cells have at least a few microvilli, cilia, and flagella.