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...where molecules become real TM Teacher Key Big Idea Different types of neurons compose the nervous tissue that forms the communication system within the body. Introduction to Neurons An individual’s survival and reproductive success depends upon the ability to sense, respond and adapt appropriately to changes in the environment. The nervous system links sensation to response. Nerve cells (neurons) in the nervous system are the structural units principally used in transmitting information. Many different types of neurons with specialized structures enable them to conduct messages effectively from one part of the body to another. Modeling Neurons and Neuronal Structures 1. Draw your mental image of a neuron in the space below. (Various.) Copyright 3D Molecular Designs All Rights Reserved - 2016 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Key - Page 1 ...where molecules become real TM Teacher Key 2. What are two characteristics that distinguish nerve cells from other cells? Nerve cells are unique in that they transmit signals and utilize chemical communication. _______________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the difference between a nerve cell and a nerve? A nerve cell is a specialized excitable cell for the transmission of electrical signals _______________________________________________________________________ over long distances while a nerve is a fiber composed of a bundle of axons of nerve _______________________________________________________________________ cells. _______________________________________________________________________ 4. Label these major parts of the large neuron model: dendrites, axon, soma/cell body, nucleus, myelin sheath, Schwann cell, axon hillock, synaptic knob. Synaptic Knob Axon Hillock Dendrites Axon Soma / Cell Body Nucleus Schwann Cell Nucleus Myelin Sheath 5. With an arrow, indicate the direction of the movement of information through the above nerve cell. (Noted in red on the diagram above.) Copyright 3D Molecular Designs All Rights Reserved - 2016 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Key - Page 2 ...where molecules become real TM Teacher Key 6. Sketch and identify the types of neurons modeled in the Neuron Modeling Set© in the space below. Bipolar Copyright 3D Molecular Designs All Rights Reserved - 2016 Unipolar 3dmoleculardesigns.com Multipolar Interneuron Teacher Key - Page 3 ...where molecules become real TM Teacher Key 7. Where are these neurons found in the body? How do they function? Complete the chart below. Copyright 3D Molecular Designs All Rights Reserved - 2016 Type of Neuron Based on Structure Location Functional Class Abundance multipolar PNS/CNS motor/efferent most abundant/ major CNS neuron bipolar special sense organs most sensory rare unipolar chiefly PNS most sensory commonly found in spinal cord and cranial nerves interneuron CNS Conducts impulses most abundant from afferent to (over 100 billion) motor neurons 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Key - Page 4 ...where molecules become real TM Teacher Key 8. Identify the function of each of the following: motor neuron - a nerve cell that transmits signals from the brain or spinal _________________________________________________ cords (CNS) to muscels or glands _________________________________________________ interneuron - _________________________________________________ a nerve cell within the CNS that forms synapses with _________________________________________________ sensory and/or motor neurons and integrates sensory _________________________________________________ input and motor output sensory neuron - _________________________________________________ a nerve cell that receives information from internal or external _________________________________________________ environments and transmits signals to the CNS 9. What is the myelin sheath? The myelin sheath is a coat of cell membranes from Schwann cells or _______________________________________________________________________ oligodendrocytes that are wrapped around the axon of a neuron. _______________________________________________________________________ 10. What is the function of myelin sheath? The membranes of the cells forming the myelin sheath are composed mostly of lipids, _______________________________________________________________________ which are poor conductors of electrical current and provide good insulation. _______________________________________________________________________ 11. Label the neuron, oligodendrocyte, and Schwann cell. Neuron Oligodendrocyte Schwann Cell Neuron Peripheral Nervous System Copyright 3D Molecular Designs All Rights Reserved - 2016 Central Nervous System 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Key - Page 5 ...where molecules become real TM Teacher Key 12. Is the large neuron model a part of the PNS or the CNS? How do you know? The neuron is part of the PNS because the myelin sheath is composed from Schwann _______________________________________________________________________ cells instead of oligodendrocytes. _______________________________________________________________________ 13. What is a synapse? Identify where synapse junctions may occur in the body. A synapse is the junction where a neuron communicates with another cell across a _______________________________________________________________________ narrow gap. _______________________________________________________________________ 14. Identify where synapse junctions may occur in the body. Synapses may occur between nerve cells, between a nerve cell and a muscle cell or ________________________________________________________________________ between a nerve cell and glandular cell. ________________________________________________________________________ Neuronal Neuro- muscular Neuro- glandular Copyright 3D Molecular Designs All Rights Reserved - 2016 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Key - Page 6 ...where molecules become real TM Teacher Key 15. To illustrate the structural diversity among neurons, identify the types of synapses shown in the diagram to below (axodendritic, axoaxonic, axosomatic). Using the neurons in the kit, model each of these synapse types. Axodendritic Axoaxonic Axosomatic Copyright 3D Molecular Designs All Rights Reserved - 2016 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Key - Page 7