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HOW WELL DO YOU
KNOW
THE CELL?
Nucleus
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Contains DNA - chromosomes
2 membranes surrounding it, the
envelope/membrane
Controls all of the cell’s activities –
including information needed to make
proteins
Microtubules
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Part of cytoskeleton
Hollow tubes made of tubulin
Hold organelles in place, maintain a cell’s
shape, & act as tracks that guide
organelles and molecules as they move
through the cell
Ex. cilia, flagella, centrioles
Cell Membrane

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Covers cell surface
Determines what enters or exits the cell
– selectively permeable
Prokaryotic
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Cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane
bound organelles
Bacteria and Archea
Hooke

First person to identify and name cells –
coined the term “cell”
Microfilaments
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Part of cytoskeleton
Long threads made of actin
Changes cell shape, especially during
muscle contraction
Allows movement of cytoplasm within the
cell (cytoplasmic streaming)
Rough ER
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Transports materials within or out of
the cell
has ribosomes attached
produces phospholipids and proteins
Golgi Bodies/Apparatus
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Stacks of flattened, membranous sacs
Many proteins and lipids pass from ER
to here for final modifications;
Like a POST OFFICE - modifies,
packages and secretes various
molecules
Lysosomes

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Contain digestive enzymes to break
down large molecules as well as nonfunctioning cell parts and cells
Small, membrane-bound organelles
formed by Golgi complex
Leeuwenhoek

Looked at living cells in pond water;
invented first mini-microscope
Centrioles
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Used in cell division
Seen in animal cells
Ribosomes
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Site of protein synthesis
Can be free (in cytoplasm) or bound
(attached to ER)
Produced in nucleolus
Made of RNA and proteins
Smooth ER

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Transports materials within and out of
the cell
Functions in lipid synthesis ex.
cholesterol
No ribosomes attached
Eukaryotic
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Type of cell with a true nucleus and
membrane bound organelles
Plant, protists, animal and fungi
Mitochondria

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Transfer energy from organic molecules
(like glucose) to ATP (cellular energy)
Muscle cells have lots of these
Nicknamed the POWERHOUSE
Inner folds called cristae to increase
surface area
Plant Cell

Type of cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts
and a large central vacuole
Virchow

Stated cells come from the division of
preexisting cells
Cytoskeleton

General term to describe the structures
that give cells internal organization,
shape, and ability to move
Cell Wall

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Made of cellulose
Protects, prevents excess H2O
uptake, maintains shape of plant
cell
Animal Cell

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Type of cell with lysosomes and
centrioles
Lack a cell wall
Chloroplasts

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Use light energy to make carbohydrates
from CO2 and H2O
Contains chlorophyll
Responsible for photosynthesis
Vacuole

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Stores water, enzymes, wastes, and
other materials
Largest organelle in a plant cell
Schleiden

Stated all plants are made of cells
Schwann
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Stated all animals are made of cells
Cell Theory
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All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things
All cells come from preexisting cells
Chromosomes
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Structures that form when DNA
supercoils around proteins
Organizes DNA for cell division
Chromatin

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Uncondensed/uncoiled DNA
DNA present in this form when the cell
is not dividing
Vesicle

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Stores and moves materials between cell
organelles (ie. Rough ER to golgi)
Moves materials to and from the cell
membrane
Cilia
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Short, hair-like projections found on the
outside of cells
Used for movement
Flagella

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Long, tail-like projections found on the
outside of cells
Used for movement
Cytoplasm

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Jelly-like material found between the
cell membrane and the nucleus
Contains the organelles of the cell
Nucleolus

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Found inside of the nucleus
Makes ribosomes