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Transcript
Organelles in a Eukaryotic cell Cytoplasm • Description • Gel like fluid where organelles are found Cytosol- fluid portion of cytoplasm • Mostly water • Function • Gives the cell its shape • Many necessary chemical reactions happen here Nucleus • • • • • • • Description Contains nucleolus & chromosomes. Surrounded by nuclear envelope. Function Control center of cell. Nucleolus makes ribosomes/RNA Chromosomes contain genes/DNA Nucleolus • Description • Largest structure in nucleus • Function • Assembles Ribosomes Chromatin • Description • Mass of genetic material composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division. Chromatin is located in the nucleus of a cell • Function • Contains genes/DNA • • • • • • • • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Description Membranes throughout cytoplasm. Rough ER- ribosomes on surface. Smooth ER- no ribosomes Functions Transport material thru cytoplasm Rough ER- site of protein synthesis Smooth ER- site of lipid synthesis Ribosomes • Description • composed of two subunits: a large subunit and a small subunit. • Function • Assembles proteins Golgi Apparatus ( bodies or complex) • • • • Description Stacks of flat membrane pouches Functions Packages molecules made in the ER into vesicles then sends the molecules to where they are needed outside the cell. Lysosomes • Description • Membrane pouches found mostly in animals • Functions • Digest and recycle cell waste using enzymes; Used by white blood cells to destroy bacteria Vacuoles • Description • Membrane pouches(mostly found in plants, fungi, and algae) • Function • Transport and store material like water and food Mitochondria a.k.a. powerhouse • Description • Oval pouch bounded by 2 membranes • Has own DNA • Function • Produces energy for cells called ATP (cell respiration) Chloroplast • Description • A long pouch bounded by 2 membranes & contains chlorophyll (in plants & algae only) • Has own DNA • Function • Make food in the form of glucose using sun, water, and CO2 (photosynthesis) Cytoskeleton • Description • A network of proteins includes microtubules and microfilaments. • Function • Supports cell, anchors organelles. • Microtubules aid in cell division by creating centrioles. • Compose cilia & flagella Flagella • Description • Long thin structures protruding from cell surface. Usually 1 or 2. • Function • movement Cilia • Description • Short thin structures protruding from cell surface. Many on cell. • Function • Movement of cell; OR propel substances like mucus past a stationary cell Cell wall • Description • Rigid outer layer in plants, bacteria, fungi, algae • In plants and algae contains cellulose • Fungi contains chitin • Functions• protection, support, shape Centrioles • Description • Rod-shaped, near nucleus, only animals • Function • Organizes spindle fibers • Pulls chromosomes apart in cell division. Comparing Cell Parts to Body Parts/Systems Comparing Cell Parts to Body Parts/Systems