Download cell?? - Excellence Gateway

So what’s in an
(ANIMAL) cell??
North Nottinghamshire College
(Dr Ashley Belsham)
Topic
Biology / Biomedical science – cell biology
Aims
 To introduce key terms associated with cell biology and
cell organelles. To enable students to discuss these key
terms using the correct pronunciation. To allow students
the chance to learn about the function of these particular
organelles.
Level
3 - 16 to adult
Method
Interactive building
Equipment
Plasticine
Duration
20-30 Minutes
So what’s in an (ANIMAL) cell??
Task ......Build me a cell!
• As a group, you are going to produce a model
of a typical cell on A3 paper.
• First you must read information sheets
individually about one particular part of the cell
(organelle).
• On your sheet, locate your particular organelle
and describe it in 20 words or less
• Then produce a plasticine model of that
particular organelle (make sure you do it to the
right scale).
Now (as a group) construct
your cell
Whilst constructing your cell,
describe your particular
organelle and its function to the
group
Cell organelles and their functions
Label the organelles in the cell and describe their function in less than 20 words
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CYTOSOL Liquid found
inside cells. Made
up of salts and
proteins dissolved
in water.
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Hand-outs etc.
The Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is a biological ‘skin’ that
separates the cell from its outside environment.
The membrane is made from fats and proteins
and is constantly moving and changing (fluid).
The membranes of two neighbouring
cells seen through a microscope
The cell membrane has a number of
functions (jobs):
1. It is a selectively permeable barrier – it can
choose which nutrients and chemicals can
pass through it
2.Structural, keeping the cell contents together.
3.Allows communication with other cells.
4.Allows recognition of other external
substances – so cells can communicate with
each other
5.Allows mobility in some organisms, e.g.
amoeba.
6.The site of various chemical reactions.
The Nucleus
The nucleus contains the most important
molecule for the cell to function properly – its
DNA
The nucleus is separated from the
surrounding cytosol by a double membrane
(skin) around it - the nuclear envelope. This
controls the flow of substances into and out of
the nucleus.
Within the nuclear envelope is the
nucleoplasm. In this are suspended threadlike chromosomes containing DNA.
The nuclei of these cells can clearly
be seen using fluorescent labeling
Another structure within the nucleus is the
nucleolus. This is the circle at the centre of
the nucleus. Substances that will eventually
make DNA and proteins are made here.
The Mitochondria
The mitochondria (plural) are basically the
power stations of the cell. They produce all
the energy the cell needs to function properly.
A typical cell may contain 1,000 mitochondria,
though some will contain many more.
Generally, they are sausage-shaped
organelles whose walls consist of 2
membranes.
The inner membrane is folded up to form
projections called cristae. Inside this is the
matrix.
This mitochondrion can clearly be
seen under a high power
microscope
Most of the reactions for aerobic respiration
take place in the mitochondria so it is an
incredibly important organelle.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum
Running through the cell from the nucleus is
the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a system of
flattened cavities lined by a thin membrane.
The ER is the site of the synthesis of many
substances in the cell and so provides a
separate area in which this takes place.
The cavities also function as a transporting
system - substances can move through them
from one part of the cell to another.
There are 2 types of ER - rough (RER) and
smooth (SER). RER looks rough on the
surface because it is studded with very small
organelles called ribosomes.
This endoplasmic reticulum can clearly
be seen under a high power microscope.
It is labeled with green fluorescence
here.
The Golgi Body
This is a series of flattened layers of plate-like
membranes.
Proteins produced by another part of the cell
(the endoplasmic reticulum) are transported
to the golgi body in packages called vesicles.
The vesicles fuse with the membrane of the
Golgi body and release their contents. In the
Golgi body, proteins are modified (changed) for
export - for example, by having a carbohydrate
added to the protein.
At the end of a Golgi cavity, the product is
pinched off so that the vesicle containing the
substance can move to the cell surface
membrane. To release its protein.
This Golgi body can clearly be seen under
a high power microscope. It is labeled
with green fluorescence here.
RER
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are very tiny structures
floating in the cell. Ribosomes can also
be stuck to another part of the cell
called the rough endoplasmic
reticulum (RER) – shown by a red
arrow.
They are the site of protein synthesis.
Genetic code in the form of RNA
(related to DNA) is converted to
proteins which are eventually released
from the cell to perform their specific
role.
The proteins (which include enzymes)
that are made then move into the
cavities of the RER to be transported.
Tiny ribosomes (little black dots) can clearly be
seen in some cells using a very high powered
microscope.
Cell organelles and their functions
Label the organelles in the cell and describe their function in less than 20 words
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__CYTOSOL Liquid found
inside cells. Made
up of salts and
proteins dissolved
in water,
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Cell organelles and their functions
Label the organelles in the cell and describe their function in less than 15 words
C___M________
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E_______R____
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R_____________
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N_____________
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CYTOSOL Liquid found
inside cells. Made
up of salts and
proteins dissolved
in water,
G____B_______
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M____________
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For further information please contact The STEM Alliance
[email protected] or visit www.STEMalliance.uk