Download Cells and Their Organelles

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Cells and Their Organelles
The cell is the basic unit of life. The following is a glossary of
animal cell & plant cell terms. All cells are surrounded by a cell
(plasma) membrane. The cell membrane is semi-permeable, allowing
some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others. It is
composed of a double layer of phosphol~ids and embedded proteins.
Color and label the cell membrane tarY(1ight brown) on both the plant
& animal cells. Plant cells have an additional layer surrounding them
called the cell wall. The cell wall is made of ~Iiving material called
cellulose. Color and label the cell wall brown. The centrosome (also
called the "microtubule organizing center") is a small body located near
the nucleus. The centrosome is where microtubules are made. During
cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divides and the two parts move
to opposite sides of the dividing cell. The centriole is the dense center
of the centrosome. ~n~l!.1Lrng.!..c.~.I.!~
have centrosomes. Color and
label the centrioles ur e. Microtubules are shaped like s9J=la straws
and give the nucleus an cell its shape (animal cell).
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inside the nucleus.
1. At what level of organization does life begin?
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2. What surrounds all cells1
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3. What is meant by semipermeable?
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4. What 2 things make up the cell memfiRn~zplw\;~!~!'
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5. The cell membrane is also called the f\asVVl.OLO~
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6. Centrioles are found inside of what type of cell? CUI
Biology Chapter 7 Section 3
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7. What additional layer is found around the outside of plant cells
and bacteria? Q.e/ \ WCA..J \
8. Centrioles are found at the center of the
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The nucleus in the center of a cell is a spherical body containing
the nucleolus that makes ribosomes. The nucleus controls many of the
functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis). It also contains
DNA 'assembled into chromosomes. The nucleus is surrounded by the
nuclear membrane. C%r and /abe/the nucleolus dark blue, the
nuclear membrane yellow, and the nucleus light blue. Materials can
move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores in the
membrane around the nucleus. Labe/the nuclear pores. Cytoplasm is
the jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles
are located. C%r and /abe/the cytoplasm pink. All cells, even
prokaryotes contain small bodies called ribosomes. Labe/the
ribosomes. Proteins are made here by a process called protein
synthesis.
9. Where is DNA found inside a cell? n vc-ieus
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10. What cell process is controlled by the nucleus? 'jJrOt-e(,v'\
11.DNA coils tightly during division and assembles into visible
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12. Where are organelles located?
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13. Where are proteins made in a cell? \~ ~
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14. Do all cells need ribosomes? ~ e.-~
15. The process of making proteins is called
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Biology Chapter
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) is a vast system of
interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are
located in the cell s cytoplasm. The ER is continuous with the outer
nuclear membrane. Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a
rough appearance. Color and label the rough ER violet (another shade
of purple). Rough ER transports materials through the cell and
produces proteins in sacks called cistern which are sent to the Golgi
body, or inserted into the cell membrane. The Golgi apparatus or Golgi
complex is a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a
stack of pancakes. The Golgi body modifies & packages proteins and
carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the
cell. Color and label the Golgi export vesicles red. Smooth ER does
NOT have ribosomes on its surface. It makes proteins and lipids that
will be exported by the cell. It also controls the Calcium level in
muscles and detoxifies poisons, alcohol, and drugs. Color and labelthe
smooth ER Iight green.
16. How does rough ER differ Itrom smooth ER?
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17. Rough ER is connected to the
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proteins for export out of the cell.
19. Give 3 jobs forrsm~ot~nER.
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Chloroplasts are elongated or disc-shaped organelles containing
chlorophyll that trap sunlight for energy. Photosynthesis (in which
energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy - food) takes
Biology Chapter 7 Section 3
3
Name:
Period:
place in the chloroplasts. Only plant cells, not animal cells, can make
their own food. Color and label the chloroplasts dark green. Cells also
contain fluid-filled sacs called vacuoles. The vacuole fills with food
being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell. In
plant cells, a large central vacuole takes up most of the space in the
cell in a plant cell (animal may have small vacuoles). Color and label the
vacuoles~.
Mitochondria are spherical to rod-shaped organelles
with a double membrane. The inner membrane is infolded many times,
forming a series of projections called cristae. The mitochondrion
converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP (adenosine
triphosphate) for the cell. Color and label the mitochondria orange.
Label the cristae. Both plant and animal cells have double-layered
membranes and their own DNA. Cells also contain spherical organelles
called Iysosomes that contain digestive enzymes. Nutrients are
digested by the cell here, as well as, old cell organelles that are going
to be recycled. Color and label the Iysosomesyellow.
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20. What process takes place inside chloroplostsz
21. What is the energy for this process? -+-k ~uA
22. What pigment traps the energy?
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23. Chloroplasts are found in what type of cell(s)?
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24. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are like in that they both
have
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25. Food, water, and wastes are stored inside \[CcGuoLR
26. Digestion takes place inside
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28. What organelle breaks down and recycles worn out cells?
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Biology Chapter
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Figure 1 - Animal Cell
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Complete the following table:
Biology Chapter 7 Section 3
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Complete the following table:
Organelle
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Cell wall
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Nucleolus
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membrane
Centrosome
Cot) f-n'oles
Lysosomes
Microtubules
Nuclear pores
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