* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Biology DNA Extraction
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
DNA methylation wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetic clock wikipedia , lookup
Zinc finger nuclease wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
DNA barcoding wikipedia , lookup
DNA sequencing wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrial DNA wikipedia , lookup
DNA paternity testing wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Comparative genomic hybridization wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
SNP genotyping wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
DNA profiling wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
DNA polymerase wikipedia , lookup
DNA nanotechnology wikipedia , lookup
Microsatellite wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Bisulfite sequencing wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom National DNA Database wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
Biology DNA Extraction Courtesy: Carl Bird Pre-lab Activity: DO NOW Where is DNA found? Today we will isolate DNA from plant cells. What structures separate DNA from the outside world? What are these structures made of? What are enzymes? What do they do? When you observe DNA today, what do you think it will look like? First, you need to find something that contains DNA. Since DNA is the blueprint for life, everything living contains DNA. For this experiment, we like to use Strawberries. Ripe strawberries are an excellent source for extracting DNA because they are easy to pulverize and contain enzymes called pectinases and cellulases that help to break down cell walls. Strawberries have eight copies of each chromosome (they are octoploid), so there is a lot of DNA to isolate. And most important, they smell nice! Other good sources include chicken liver, calf thymus, meats eggs, peas and broccoli. Super Strawberry Smash Melee! -Obtain 2 strawberries and a plastic Ziploc bag. -Remove the green sepals from the strawberries. -Place strawberries into a Ziploc bag and seal shut. -Squish for a few minutes to completely squash the fruit. Soapy Strawberries Add 10 ml of liquid detergent to the bag and mix for two minutes. Try not to make a lot of soap bubbles. Place coffee filter paper above a collection beaker. Pour your strawberry soup through coffee filter paper above a collection beaker. Allow the liquid strawberries to filter through the coffee paper. The filter paper will remove the fluid (which contains DNA) to drain into the beaker below. The proteins and other cellular debris stay behind. Allow filtrate to sit for five minutes. Pour the mixture into test tubes or other small glass containers, each about 1/3 full. Enzyme Power Add a pinch of meat tenderizer enzymes to each test tube and stir gently. Be careful! If you stir too hard, you’ll break up the DNA, making it harder to see. If meat tenderizer isn’t available, you can also try using pineapple juice or contact lens cleaning solution. Alcohol Separation Tilt your test tube and slowly pour rubbing alcohol (70-95% isopropyl or ethyl alcohol) into the tube down the side so that it forms a layer on top of the strawberry mixture. Pour until you have about the same amount of alcohol in the tube as strawberry mixture. Watch for about a minute. What do you see? You should see a white fluffy cloud at the interface between the two liquids. That’s DNA! Gently spin a stirring rod or pencil in the tube where into the tube where the strawberry mixture and the alcohol layers come into contact with each other. Pull out the DNA! The fibers are millions of DNA strands. Rinse your funnel. Put the Ziploc TM bag and paper towel in the garbage. Using this same basic protocol, human DNA could also be extracted. The protocol however would have to be scaled down. This is because you would likely start the procedure with micrograms rather than grams of human cells. The DNA extracted in this protocol would not be enough to see with the naked eye. If you wanted to see it, you would need a centrifuge to spin down the small amount of DNA present in the sample. QUESTIONS 1. Explain what happened in the final step when you added isopropyl alcohol to your filtered DNA extract? 2. What did the DNA look like? Relate what you know about the chemical structure of DNA to what you observed today. 3. A person cannot see a single cotton thread 100 feet away, but if you wound thousands of threads together into a rope, it would be visible much further away. Is this statement analogous to our DNA Extraction? Explain. 4. Why is it important for scientists to be able to remove DNA from an organism? List two reasons. 5. What was the purpose of the meat tenderizer? What type of organic macromolecule would be present in meat tenderizer? 6. In the space below, please write some research questions based on what you observed (would you like to try this experiment on something else? Would you like to see how the procedure worked if modified?)