* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Biology EOC Words for Pages 64-80, Teacher Key Codominance
Epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
DNA polymerase wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Gene nomenclature wikipedia , lookup
Bisulfite sequencing wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom National DNA Database wikipedia , lookup
Zinc finger nuclease wikipedia , lookup
Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Protein moonlighting wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup
Frameshift mutation wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Biology EOC Words for Pages 64-80, Teacher Key Codominance- when both alleles of a gene are fully expressed. Ex- brown and white chicken mate and the chicks come out speckled or brown and white. There isn’t one more dominant than the other. Autosomes- chromosomes 1-22, they occur in your somatic cells / body cells. They are responsible for everything but your sex. Double Helix- DNA molecule, two strands twisted around each other like a winding staircase. Nucleotides- sub-units that make up DNA. Has three parts: phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base. DNA replication- Process of making a copy of DNA. Mutation- A change in the DNA of a gene. Inversion Mutation- a chromosome piece reattaches to the original chromosome but in a reverse orientation or direction. Deleted Mutation- segments of a gene are lost, often during meiosis. A deletion changes the number of DNA bases by removing a piece of DNA. Small deletions may remove one or a few base pairs within a gene, while larger deletions can remove an entire gene or several neighboring genes. The deleted DNA may alter the function of the resulting protein(s). Point Mutation- a single nucleotide changes. Insertion Mutation- a sizeable length of DNA is inserted into a gene. An insertion changes the number of DNA bases in a gene by adding a piece of DNA. As a result, the protein made by the gene may not function properly. Duplication Mutation- A duplication consists of a piece of DNA that is abnormally copied one or more times. This type of mutation may alter the function of the resulting protein. Translocation Mutation- piece of a chromosome reattached to a non-homologous chromosome. Chromosome segments, and the genes they contain, change positions. Messenger RNA- Form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and acts as a template for protein synthesis. Transfer RNA- Form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. Ribosomal RNA- RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein. Cells protein factories. Gene Expression- proteins are made based on the information encoded in DNA. Also known as protein synthesis. Translation- process that converts or translates a mRNA message into a polypeptide (one or more makes up a protein). Transcription- process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complimentary strand of RNA. Protein Synthesis- proteins are made on the information encoded in DNA= gene expression. Codon- sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid. Ex- AUG= methione, CUU= leucine Genotype- Genetic make-up or set of alleles that an individual has for a characteristic. Phenotype- Physical make-up or traits that results from a set of alleles. Polygenic Inheritance- several genes affect one characteristic. Sex linked- alleles are located only on the X and Y chromosome. Incomplete dominance- when an offspring has a phenotype between that of its parents. Ex- Red and white flowers make pink flowers. Frameshift Mutation- mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence. Causes a gene to be read in the wrong three nucleotide sequence. Ex- The Cat Ate = The Ata te (remove the C)