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Transcript
Genetic Engineers Mini-dictionary Anneal Joining of complementary nucleotide sequences by controlled lowering of temperature Bacteriophage Virus that attacks bacteria, used as a vehicle fro replicating DNA inside bacteria Biotechnology Manipulation of living organisms or their components to perform practical tasks cDNA DNA produced by copying RNA Clone A large number of genetically identical offspring produced by the copying of an original type DNA ligase Enzyme that joins DNA fragments together, catalyses the formation of Phosphodiester bonds Explant A small part removed from a plant and grown in tissue culture to produce a plant genetically identical to the donor plant Process by which multiple copies of a gene are produced in a bacterium or bacteriophage Gene cloning Gene Library The entire genome of an organism, distributed as DNA fragments in a large number of bacteriophages or bacteria Gene Probe A segment of single-stranded nucleic acid, used to find a complementary piece of DNA Genetic Engineering Manipulation of genetic material for a purpose Genetic Profiling Technique by which fragments of as DNA in individuals are compared to establish relationships between them Genome Name for all the genes of an organism GMO Genetically Modified Organism In vitro Inside test tubes, cells etc extracted and grown outside body In vivo Inside a living body eg humans, mice Ligation Joining DNA fragments by formation of phosphodiester bonds (between sugars and phosphates in backbone) Oligonucleotide A chain of up to about 20 nucleotides Plaque A small area in a dense population of bacteria resulting from lysis of bacteria after infection with a bacteriophage Plasmid A small circular, independently replicating piece of bacterial chromosome. Contains genes for resistance to antibiotics and is us as a carrier for replicating DNA Polymerase PCR is a techniques used in which a small piece of DNA Chain Reaction can be replicated many times (PCR) Primer Oligonucleotide needed to start DNA synthesis Promoter Binding site recognised by RNA polymerase, controls expression of gene Recombinant DNA Artificially combining genes from different organisms Recombinant DNA Produced in vitro splicing DNA from two different sources Restriction Enzymes Enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sites Reverse Transcriptase Enzyme used to make DNA from RNA template Southern Blotting Technique used for transferring DNA fragments from a gel to a membrane by capillary action prior to use for gene probing Having the ability to produce all cell types of the organism Totipotent Transformation Process by which bacteria can take up ‘foreign’ DNA, promoted by addition of Ca2+ ions Transgenic Transplanted from other species Vector A virus or bacterium into which DNA is inserted for replication VNTR Variable Number Terminal Repeats Used in DNA profiling
