Download Biotechnology II Recombinant DNA File

Altering DNA
POINT > Define and describe recombinant DNA
POINT > Show how bacterial plasmids are used in
recombinant technology
POINT > Define and describe transgenic organisms
POINT > Identify uses of recombinant DNA
POINT > Define and describe recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA is DNA formed by joining DNA
fragments together (by utilizing “sticky ends”)
This allows combinations of DNA segments from
different organisms (due to universal base pairing
rules)
POINT > Show how
bacterial plasmids are used
in recombinant technology
Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules found in
bacteria (in addition to their own chromosome)
In nature, plasmids usually carry genes for resistance
(antibiotic, chemical)
In research, plasmids are used to insert recombinant
DNA into bacteria, which then “amplify” the gene
POINT > Show how
bacterial plasmids are used
in recombinant technology
Plasmids contain a genetic marker, usually a gene
for antibiotic resistance
Only bacterial cells that have the plasmid will
survive when grown in the presence of an antibiotic
POINT > Show how bacterial plasmids are used in
recombinant technology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aA5fyWJh5S0
WB CHECK:
What is a plasmid?
Where would you find a plasmid?
What do plasmids do for bacteria?
What do researchers use plasmids for?
POINT > Define and describe transgenic organisms
A transgenic organism contains one or more genes
from another species or another individual
Scientists use recombinant DNA & plasmids to
create transgenic organisms
POINT > Define and
describe transgenic
organisms
Transgenic Plants
Agrobacterium is a species of bacteria that inserts
DNA plasmids into plant cells, resulting in tumors
Scientists use Agrobacterium to get new DNA into
plant cells
POINT > Define and describe transgenic organisms
Transgenic plant production steps:
1. Tumor-causing gene in Agrobacterium plasmid is
replaced with recombinant DNA gene of interest
2. Plants infected with the bacteria will contain the
gene of interest in their genome
3. The new plant grows and expresses the transferred
gene
4. Micropropagation allows for many identical plants
to be produced quickly
POINT > Define and describe transgenic organisms
WB CHECK:
What is a good bacteria to use if you want to
put a new gene into a plant?
What is a transgenic organism?
WB CHECK:
Which of these events would be first?
a) Allow Agrobacterium to infect the plant cells
b) Cut both the plasmid and the new gene with the same
restriction enzyme
c) Use DNA ligase to fully recombine the plasmid and the
new gene
d) Use micropropagation to make many identical plants
Place a-d in logical order
POINT > Define and describe transgenic organisms
Transgenic Animals
Animals cells can be transformed by directly
inserting DNA into the nucleus
Enzymes responsible for DNA repair can function to
insert the recombinant DNA into chromosomes
POINT > Define and describe transgenic organisms
Animal cloning: a new individual is grown from a
single cell of an adult organism
The clone is genetically identical to the adult the cell
was taken from
The process is difficult and expensive, and cloned
animals tend to have shorter lifespans (not understood)
POINT > Define and describe transgenic organisms
Cloning:
WB CHECK:
Which of these events would be first?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Put the nucleus of an adult donor cell into an egg cell
Implant the egg cell into a surrogate mother
Allow recombined egg cell and nucleus to divide
Remove the nucleus from an adult egg cell
Place a-d in logical order
POINT > Identify uses of recombinant DNA
Genetically modified crops & animals (GMOs)
Preventing & treating disease (gene therapy)
Medical research
Genetic testing (for disease, etc)
Personal identification (forensics, relationships)
Read textbook pages 423-427
Workbook pages 251-252