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Transcript
THE CELL Cell Theory 1) All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2) Cells are the basic living units within organisms. 3) All cells arise from preexisting cells. THE CELL Cell Function Organism growth, maintenance, repair, and reproduction. Types of Cells Prokaryotic Pro = before karyotic = kernel (nucleus) Eukaryotic Eu = true Fig. 3.16 THE CELL Cell Properties 1) Separated from the surrounding environment by membrane. 2) Takes in raw materials and expels wastes. 3) Absorbs energy to power cellular activities. 4) Builds biological molecules. THE CELL Regions Plasma Membrane Cytoplasmic Nuclear Plasma Membrane Region Purpose Separation of outside from inside environment. Function Regulates entrance and exit of substances Regulates cellular response & activity Cell recognition Plasma Membrane Region Structure Fluid Mosaic Model 1) Flexible “fluid” membrane 2) Filled with protein, lipid, and carbohydrates. Plasma Membrane Region Lipid Bilayer Phospholipids Two nonpolar layers forming the barrier properties of the cell membrane. Plasma Membrane Region Lipid Bilayer Glycolipids Structure Phospholipid Carbohydrate Purpose Cell recognition markers Plasma Membrane Region Lipid Bilayer Cholesterol Purpose Makes the bilayer less fluid and stronger in animal cells. Plasma Membrane Region Transmembrane Proteins Receptor Detect chemical signals to stimulate cell activity. Plasma Membrane Region Transmembrane Proteins Recognition Glycoproteins used for cell identification and cell-to-cell recognition. Glycoproteins Plasma Membrane Region Transmembrane Proteins Carrier Utilize ATP to transport water soluble substances across the cell membrane. Plasma Membrane Region Transmembrane Proteins Channel Allows water soluble substances to cross the membrane freely. Plasma Membrane Region Transmembrane Proteins Water Channels (Aquaporin) Allow movement of water molecules across the membrane during osmosis AQUAPORINS Extracellular fluid cytoplasm