Excitation-contraction Coupling in the Heart and the Negative
... (Cav1.2),3 and are the next key element in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. In addition, other ionic currents, such as that attributable to Na/Ca exchange, as well as chloride and potassium currents, all shape the action potential, whose duration is ⵑ300 ms. The action potential spreads from ...
... (Cav1.2),3 and are the next key element in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. In addition, other ionic currents, such as that attributable to Na/Ca exchange, as well as chloride and potassium currents, all shape the action potential, whose duration is ⵑ300 ms. The action potential spreads from ...
Annexin-Phospholipid Interactions. Functional Implications
... with membranes in a calcium-dependent manner. Although this is true for the vast majority of the members of this family of proteins, some members, such as mammalian annexin A9, do not bind calcium but still are able to interact with biological membranes through different mechanisms. Human annexin A5 ...
... with membranes in a calcium-dependent manner. Although this is true for the vast majority of the members of this family of proteins, some members, such as mammalian annexin A9, do not bind calcium but still are able to interact with biological membranes through different mechanisms. Human annexin A5 ...
Calcium Signals from the Vacuole
... Figure 2. Phylogenetic distribution of Ca2+ transporters in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Colored blocks indicate the presence of a certain Ca2+ transport protein (top and bottom labels) in a specific clade (labels on left and right). Abbreviations used for Ca2+ transport proteins: Ry/IP3, ryanodine-In ...
... Figure 2. Phylogenetic distribution of Ca2+ transporters in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Colored blocks indicate the presence of a certain Ca2+ transport protein (top and bottom labels) in a specific clade (labels on left and right). Abbreviations used for Ca2+ transport proteins: Ry/IP3, ryanodine-In ...
Leukocyte lipid bodies — Biogenesis and functions in inflammation
... bodies was to have these membrane-active proteins “translocate” to the peripheral membrane of lipid bodies. Of note, however, immunogold electron microscopic localization of 5-LO revealed 5-LO to be distributed throughout lipid bodies, which were shown to have a “honeycomb” internal structure [39], ...
... bodies was to have these membrane-active proteins “translocate” to the peripheral membrane of lipid bodies. Of note, however, immunogold electron microscopic localization of 5-LO revealed 5-LO to be distributed throughout lipid bodies, which were shown to have a “honeycomb” internal structure [39], ...
Cellular Physiology of Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle
... same type of regenerativedepolarization that is seen in skeletal muscle. However, the rate of rise of the action potential in smooth muscle is lower becauseCa2+channels open more slowly than do Na+ channelsin skeletal and cardiacmuscle(p. 189). Repolarizationof the smooth muscle cell is also relativ ...
... same type of regenerativedepolarization that is seen in skeletal muscle. However, the rate of rise of the action potential in smooth muscle is lower becauseCa2+channels open more slowly than do Na+ channelsin skeletal and cardiacmuscle(p. 189). Repolarizationof the smooth muscle cell is also relativ ...
Stressed out: the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor as a target of
... COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; HSP, heat shock protein; TRPC1, transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1; UCP-3, uncoupling protein 3. ...
... COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; HSP, heat shock protein; TRPC1, transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1; UCP-3, uncoupling protein 3. ...
SACpaper-TMG12-27 FS..
... prevented by BAPTA, but not EGTA (Adler et al. 1991). Similarly, in growth cones, the cell adhesion molecule L1 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) each promote axon outgrowth that depends on Ca2+ influx, but Ca2+ signals cannot be detected by standard fluorescence Ca2+ imaging techniques (Archer et ...
... prevented by BAPTA, but not EGTA (Adler et al. 1991). Similarly, in growth cones, the cell adhesion molecule L1 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) each promote axon outgrowth that depends on Ca2+ influx, but Ca2+ signals cannot be detected by standard fluorescence Ca2+ imaging techniques (Archer et ...
Modulation of calcium by sympathetic activation
... that of the target protein. The total cellular concentration of cAMP might be irrelevant to key regulatory pathways, except as an overflow from local cAMP-mediated signal transduction. However, if this is true, it is less clear how targeting would practically work for phospholamban and troponin I ph ...
... that of the target protein. The total cellular concentration of cAMP might be irrelevant to key regulatory pathways, except as an overflow from local cAMP-mediated signal transduction. However, if this is true, it is less clear how targeting would practically work for phospholamban and troponin I ph ...
Bidirectional Modification of Presynaptic Neuronal Excitability
... to depolarization accompanying the induction of LTD may result from a reduction in the intrinsic excitability of the presynaptic neuron or a stimulation-induced reduction of the background synaptic drive received by the presynaptic neuron, e.g., a reduced tonic glutamatergic input or an increased GA ...
... to depolarization accompanying the induction of LTD may result from a reduction in the intrinsic excitability of the presynaptic neuron or a stimulation-induced reduction of the background synaptic drive received by the presynaptic neuron, e.g., a reduced tonic glutamatergic input or an increased GA ...
–plasma-membrane junctions by Kv2.1 Induction of stable ER potassium channels
... that Kv2.1 induces a true ER–plasma-membrane junction with a <20 nm gap between the two membranes (Carrasco and Meyer, 2011; Orci et al., 2009). Thus, in order to examine the spatial relationship between Kv2.1 clusters on the plasma membrane and the underlying cER at high resolution, we used immuno- ...
... that Kv2.1 induces a true ER–plasma-membrane junction with a <20 nm gap between the two membranes (Carrasco and Meyer, 2011; Orci et al., 2009). Thus, in order to examine the spatial relationship between Kv2.1 clusters on the plasma membrane and the underlying cER at high resolution, we used immuno- ...
Opposite and redundant roles of the two Drosophila perilipins in
... Interestingly, compared to the wild type, the total level of glyceride in wandering stage third-instar larvae is not increased in plin138 mutants, even though they have large lipid droplets (Fig. 2B). These results are consistent with a previous report that plin1 mutants have large lipid droplets an ...
... Interestingly, compared to the wild type, the total level of glyceride in wandering stage third-instar larvae is not increased in plin138 mutants, even though they have large lipid droplets (Fig. 2B). These results are consistent with a previous report that plin1 mutants have large lipid droplets an ...
Potentiation of acid-sensing ion channels by sulfhydryl compounds
... four ASIC genes that encode at least six ASIC subunits (ASIC1a, -1b, -2a, -2b, -3, and -4). ASIC subunits share common structural features with all DEG/ENaC ion channels including an intracellular NH2 and COOH terminus, two transmembrane domains, and a large cysteine-rich extracellular region (27). ...
... four ASIC genes that encode at least six ASIC subunits (ASIC1a, -1b, -2a, -2b, -3, and -4). ASIC subunits share common structural features with all DEG/ENaC ion channels including an intracellular NH2 and COOH terminus, two transmembrane domains, and a large cysteine-rich extracellular region (27). ...
Induction of stable ER–plasma-membrane junctions by Kv2.1
... that Kv2.1 induces a true ER–plasma-membrane junction with a <20 nm gap between the two membranes (Carrasco and Meyer, 2011; Orci et al., 2009). Thus, in order to examine the spatial relationship between Kv2.1 clusters on the plasma membrane and the underlying cER at high resolution, we used immuno- ...
... that Kv2.1 induces a true ER–plasma-membrane junction with a <20 nm gap between the two membranes (Carrasco and Meyer, 2011; Orci et al., 2009). Thus, in order to examine the spatial relationship between Kv2.1 clusters on the plasma membrane and the underlying cER at high resolution, we used immuno- ...
Recent developments in the ion/ion chemistry of high
... reactions between singly charged ions. Studies of this type were complicated by the fact that all of the reaction products are neutral species. Nevertheless, the neutralization kinetics from such reactions have important applications in atmospheric chemistry, combustion studies, and plasmas (Mahan, ...
... reactions between singly charged ions. Studies of this type were complicated by the fact that all of the reaction products are neutral species. Nevertheless, the neutralization kinetics from such reactions have important applications in atmospheric chemistry, combustion studies, and plasmas (Mahan, ...
Lipid interaction of the C terminus and association of the
... organelles contain membrane tubules that are connected into a network by homotypic fusion (1, 2). Much less is known about this process than about heterotypic fusion, which occurs between viral and cellular membranes and between intracellular transport vesicles and target membranes. In viral fusion, ...
... organelles contain membrane tubules that are connected into a network by homotypic fusion (1, 2). Much less is known about this process than about heterotypic fusion, which occurs between viral and cellular membranes and between intracellular transport vesicles and target membranes. In viral fusion, ...
Endogenous release of 5-HT modulates the plateau phase of NMDA
... through presynaptic inhibition [lamprey: Buchanan and Grillner (1991) and Schwartz et al. (2005); mouse: Garcia-Ramirez et al. (2014); frog: Sillar and Simmers (1994b)]. In the lamprey, administration of 5-HT agonists slows down the locomotor activity and makes the bursts more intense (Harris-Warric ...
... through presynaptic inhibition [lamprey: Buchanan and Grillner (1991) and Schwartz et al. (2005); mouse: Garcia-Ramirez et al. (2014); frog: Sillar and Simmers (1994b)]. In the lamprey, administration of 5-HT agonists slows down the locomotor activity and makes the bursts more intense (Harris-Warric ...
S C T
... in the structural analysis of these proteins has been hampered by difficulties in their purification and crystallization. A comprehensive understanding of fundamental membrane-associated biological processes such as energy conversion, transport and signal transduction cannot be attained unless the h ...
... in the structural analysis of these proteins has been hampered by difficulties in their purification and crystallization. A comprehensive understanding of fundamental membrane-associated biological processes such as energy conversion, transport and signal transduction cannot be attained unless the h ...
C. elegans and volatile anesthetics
... non-specific insinuation of the volatile anesthetic into the lipid bilayer of excitable cell membranes, causing inhibition of neuronal conduction. Changes in membrane density (critical volume hypothesis) and membrane fluidity were invoked as the mechanism of action of volatile anesthetics (Suezaki e ...
... non-specific insinuation of the volatile anesthetic into the lipid bilayer of excitable cell membranes, causing inhibition of neuronal conduction. Changes in membrane density (critical volume hypothesis) and membrane fluidity were invoked as the mechanism of action of volatile anesthetics (Suezaki e ...
Interplay Between Phospholipids and
... in the headgroups of phospholipids: under phosphate-limiting conditions, phospholipids can be replaced by the non-phosphate containing lipid digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), previously assumed to reside in plastid membranes. The extra-plastidial phospholipid-to-DGDG replacement occurs in plasma me ...
... in the headgroups of phospholipids: under phosphate-limiting conditions, phospholipids can be replaced by the non-phosphate containing lipid digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), previously assumed to reside in plastid membranes. The extra-plastidial phospholipid-to-DGDG replacement occurs in plasma me ...
Minireview: Lipid Droplets in Lipogenesis and Lipolysis
... Most functional data for the family have come from studies of perilipin itself. Perilipin was initially identified as the major adipocyte protein phosphorylated in response to activation of protein kinase A (PKA) (34). Its localization surrounding neutral lipid storage droplets in adipocytes led to ...
... Most functional data for the family have come from studies of perilipin itself. Perilipin was initially identified as the major adipocyte protein phosphorylated in response to activation of protein kinase A (PKA) (34). Its localization surrounding neutral lipid storage droplets in adipocytes led to ...
store-operated calcium channels
... The first direct identification of the SOCE permeation pathway came from electrophysiological studies, conducted shortly after the original CCE proposal, aimed at identifying Ca2⫹ channels underlying secretion in mast cells and mitogenic activation of T cells. Using a combination of patch-clamp and ...
... The first direct identification of the SOCE permeation pathway came from electrophysiological studies, conducted shortly after the original CCE proposal, aimed at identifying Ca2⫹ channels underlying secretion in mast cells and mitogenic activation of T cells. Using a combination of patch-clamp and ...
LVA and HVA Ca Currents in Ventricular Muscle Cells of the
... currents. We propose that these currents may have a role in pacemaking as well as providing part of the calcium influx necessary for excitation-contraction coupling. Voltage-gated calcium channels are a common feature of all invertebrate and vertebrate muscles (McDonald et al. 1994). A variety of di ...
... currents. We propose that these currents may have a role in pacemaking as well as providing part of the calcium influx necessary for excitation-contraction coupling. Voltage-gated calcium channels are a common feature of all invertebrate and vertebrate muscles (McDonald et al. 1994). A variety of di ...
PROTEIN-LIPID INTERPLAY IN FUSION AND FISSION OF
... to cover the edge with the polar heads and to form the hydrophilic pore (Figure 1C). Among deformations, the most important for our purpose are bending of the membrane and tilt of the hydrocarbon chains (Figure 2A–C). It is convenient to characterize bending of a monolayer by the curvatures of a pla ...
... to cover the edge with the polar heads and to form the hydrophilic pore (Figure 1C). Among deformations, the most important for our purpose are bending of the membrane and tilt of the hydrocarbon chains (Figure 2A–C). It is convenient to characterize bending of a monolayer by the curvatures of a pla ...
Dichotomy of Action-Potential Backpropagation in CA1 Pyramidal
... The model possessed three conductances: a voltage-gated sodium conductance (gNa), a delayed rectifying potassium conductance [gK(DR)], and an A-type potassium conductance [gK(A)]. The biophysical parameters of these conductances were implemented as in Migliore et al. (1999) and were inserted in all ...
... The model possessed three conductances: a voltage-gated sodium conductance (gNa), a delayed rectifying potassium conductance [gK(DR)], and an A-type potassium conductance [gK(A)]. The biophysical parameters of these conductances were implemented as in Migliore et al. (1999) and were inserted in all ...
Structure and properties of the outer membranes of Brucella abortus
... properties of Omp25 deficient mutants would help to clarify its role. ...
... properties of Omp25 deficient mutants would help to clarify its role. ...
Mechanosensitive channels
Mechanosensitive channels or mechanosensitive ion channels are membrane proteins capable of responding to mechanical stress over a wide dynamic range of external mechanical stimuli. They are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The channels vary in selectivity for the permeating ions from nonselective between anions and cations in bacteria, to cation selective allowing passage Ca2+, K+ and Na+ in eukaryotes, and highly selective K+ channels in bacteria and eukaryotes.All organisms, and apparently all cell types, sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. MSCs function as mechanotransducers capable of generating both electrical and ion flux signals as a response to external or internal stimuli. Under extreme turgor in bacteria, non selective MSCs such as MSCL and MSCS serve as safety valves to prevent lysis. In specialized cells of the higher organisms, other types of MSCs are probably the basis of the senses of hearing and touch and sense the stress needed for muscular coordination. However, none of these channels have been cloned. MSCs also allow plants to distinguish up from down by sensing the force of gravity. MSCs are not pressure-sensitive, but sensitive to local stress, most likely tension in the surrounding lipid bilayer.