Molecular Affinity and Permeability of Different Molecular Weight
... and coating materials. Chitosan, (1-4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-β-Dglucan, is a biopolymer derived from chitin. Due to the presence of an amino group at carbon-2 of its cellulose-like backbone, chitosan is a cationic polyelectrolyte and soluble in acidic media. As a new functional material, chitosan offers a ...
... and coating materials. Chitosan, (1-4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-β-Dglucan, is a biopolymer derived from chitin. Due to the presence of an amino group at carbon-2 of its cellulose-like backbone, chitosan is a cationic polyelectrolyte and soluble in acidic media. As a new functional material, chitosan offers a ...
Slide 1
... Mutant B-catenin translocated into nucleus (w/out need of TGF-B1) Mutant B-catenin induced profileration of MSCs and inhibited osteogenic differentiation Supports direct correlation between activation of Smad3/B-cateninmediated TGF-B1 signaling pathway and its unique biological responses in MSCs ...
... Mutant B-catenin translocated into nucleus (w/out need of TGF-B1) Mutant B-catenin induced profileration of MSCs and inhibited osteogenic differentiation Supports direct correlation between activation of Smad3/B-cateninmediated TGF-B1 signaling pathway and its unique biological responses in MSCs ...
Mutational Analysis of Synaptobrevin Transmembrane Domain
... 1a and a synaptosomal associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25). Previous reports have described a homodimer of synaptobrevin that is dependent on the transmembrane domain. However, these reports disagree about the magnitude of dimerization, which makes it difficult to assess the biological relevance o ...
... 1a and a synaptosomal associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25). Previous reports have described a homodimer of synaptobrevin that is dependent on the transmembrane domain. However, these reports disagree about the magnitude of dimerization, which makes it difficult to assess the biological relevance o ...
Regulation and mechanism of potassium release from K analysis
... largely been restricted to two areas: compartmental analysis, in which efflux kinetics are used to determine subcellular pool sizes as well as other fluxes such as influx into the cell, and fluxes to the vacuole and shoot (Pitman & Saddler, 1967; Macklon, 1975; Memon et al., 1985; Kronzucker et al., ...
... largely been restricted to two areas: compartmental analysis, in which efflux kinetics are used to determine subcellular pool sizes as well as other fluxes such as influx into the cell, and fluxes to the vacuole and shoot (Pitman & Saddler, 1967; Macklon, 1975; Memon et al., 1985; Kronzucker et al., ...
Distinct Roles of CaMKII and PKA in Regulation of Firing Patterns
... alters both nonassociative and associative conditioning (Griffith et al. 1993) and disruptions of cAMP pathways by mutations that alter the dunce (a phosphodiesterase gene), rutabaga (an adenylyl cyclase gene), or PKA gene impair learning and memory in a variety of behavioral paradigms (Aceves-Pina ...
... alters both nonassociative and associative conditioning (Griffith et al. 1993) and disruptions of cAMP pathways by mutations that alter the dunce (a phosphodiesterase gene), rutabaga (an adenylyl cyclase gene), or PKA gene impair learning and memory in a variety of behavioral paradigms (Aceves-Pina ...
PowerPoint Template
... and conducted into the cell via cascades of coupled reactions. The first steps of signal transmission often take place in close association with the membrane, before the signal is conducted into the cell interior. The cell uses mainly two mechanisms for transmission of signals at the cytosolic side ...
... and conducted into the cell via cascades of coupled reactions. The first steps of signal transmission often take place in close association with the membrane, before the signal is conducted into the cell interior. The cell uses mainly two mechanisms for transmission of signals at the cytosolic side ...
Undergraduate/Graduate Category: Interdisciplinary Topics, Centers and Institutes Degree Level:Graduate
... Reversible elastic deformation Irreversible Hemi-fusion: fusion of outer lipid layer Reversible deformation as F turns from tensile to compressive ...
... Reversible elastic deformation Irreversible Hemi-fusion: fusion of outer lipid layer Reversible deformation as F turns from tensile to compressive ...
Modeling the Mechanics of Cell Division: Influence of
... and surface tension. The turgor of the vesicle is maintained under a positive difference of osmotic pressure between the inside cell and the outside extracellular milieu, which represents hypotonic conditions. Flaccid configurations are defined, in general by iso-, hypertonic conditions characterize ...
... and surface tension. The turgor of the vesicle is maintained under a positive difference of osmotic pressure between the inside cell and the outside extracellular milieu, which represents hypotonic conditions. Flaccid configurations are defined, in general by iso-, hypertonic conditions characterize ...
Towards the Physics of Calcium Signalling in Plants
... One of the earliest models [18,19] of calcium signalling in plants was motivated by the observation that in the unicellular green alga Eremosphaera viridis, the presence of Sr+ or caffeine induces repetitive [Ca2+] spiking in the cytosol. The model consists of a system of ODEs that describes calcium ...
... One of the earliest models [18,19] of calcium signalling in plants was motivated by the observation that in the unicellular green alga Eremosphaera viridis, the presence of Sr+ or caffeine induces repetitive [Ca2+] spiking in the cytosol. The model consists of a system of ODEs that describes calcium ...
fulltext - DiVA Portal
... The beginning of life is marked by evolutionary breakthroughs such as catalytic and autocatalytic reactions that lead to nucleotides, RNA and DNA, amino acids and proteins. One of those important breakthroughs was the emergence of a liposome system that eventually evolved to the membranes of the cel ...
... The beginning of life is marked by evolutionary breakthroughs such as catalytic and autocatalytic reactions that lead to nucleotides, RNA and DNA, amino acids and proteins. One of those important breakthroughs was the emergence of a liposome system that eventually evolved to the membranes of the cel ...
Lysenin: A sphingomyelin specific pore
... by lysenin was confirmed by adding lysenin from the apical and basolateral sides of fully polarized MDCK cells. Cells were highly sensitive to lysenin when the toxin was added from the basolateral side, whereas cells were resistant to apically added toxin [33]. Sphingomyelin comprises 19% of the tot ...
... by lysenin was confirmed by adding lysenin from the apical and basolateral sides of fully polarized MDCK cells. Cells were highly sensitive to lysenin when the toxin was added from the basolateral side, whereas cells were resistant to apically added toxin [33]. Sphingomyelin comprises 19% of the tot ...
Abnormal Calcium Handling in Muscular Dystrophy
... Duchenne muscular dystrophy, primarily caused by a deficiency in the membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin, is the most frequent neuromuscular disorder in humans and is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting. This review outlines pathophysiological mechanisms of abnormal calcium ...
... Duchenne muscular dystrophy, primarily caused by a deficiency in the membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin, is the most frequent neuromuscular disorder in humans and is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting. This review outlines pathophysiological mechanisms of abnormal calcium ...
Kv4.2 mRNA Abundance and A-Type K Current Amplitude Are
... 1996; Shi et al., 1997). The molecular picture is further complicated by the ability of auxiliary channel subunits to transform non-inactivating, delayed rectifier K 1 channels into inactivating, A-type channels (Rettig et al., 1994; Heinemann et al., 1996). In spite of this complexity, only channel ...
... 1996; Shi et al., 1997). The molecular picture is further complicated by the ability of auxiliary channel subunits to transform non-inactivating, delayed rectifier K 1 channels into inactivating, A-type channels (Rettig et al., 1994; Heinemann et al., 1996). In spite of this complexity, only channel ...
current models for the structure of biological membranes rev iew
... of water in membrane structure . Furthermore, possible changes of structure in different functional states of membranes will not be discussed . While such changes must occur, it can be shown that in many instances only a small part of the total area need be involved and our techniques are not sensit ...
... of water in membrane structure . Furthermore, possible changes of structure in different functional states of membranes will not be discussed . While such changes must occur, it can be shown that in many instances only a small part of the total area need be involved and our techniques are not sensit ...
Formation of Helical Hairpins during Membrane Protein Integration
... centrally in a long stretch of hydrophobic residues, and have yielded a ``propensity scale'' for the relative ef®ciency with which different residues promote the formation of helical hairpins. In this study, we shift our attention to the role of charged residues ¯anking the hydrophobic stretch. Clus ...
... centrally in a long stretch of hydrophobic residues, and have yielded a ``propensity scale'' for the relative ef®ciency with which different residues promote the formation of helical hairpins. In this study, we shift our attention to the role of charged residues ¯anking the hydrophobic stretch. Clus ...
assembly of integral membrane proteins from the periplasm into the
... would expose the polar groups of the polypeptide chain toward the hydrophobic region of the membrane and therefore cannot cross the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer for energetic reasons. In TMPs, the nonpolar side chains face the hydrophobic acyl chains of the membrane lipids.Although the more ...
... would expose the polar groups of the polypeptide chain toward the hydrophobic region of the membrane and therefore cannot cross the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer for energetic reasons. In TMPs, the nonpolar side chains face the hydrophobic acyl chains of the membrane lipids.Although the more ...
Dual-topology membrane proteins Escherichia coli Susanna Seppälä
... E. coli is a rod-shaped, ~0.5 µm wide and ~2 µm long, gram-negative bacterium. It is part of the normal gut flora in humans and other animals, although there are pathogenic variants that may cause disease. Since its discovery by Theodor Escherich in 1885, E. coli has become a popular workhorse in la ...
... E. coli is a rod-shaped, ~0.5 µm wide and ~2 µm long, gram-negative bacterium. It is part of the normal gut flora in humans and other animals, although there are pathogenic variants that may cause disease. Since its discovery by Theodor Escherich in 1885, E. coli has become a popular workhorse in la ...
Characterization of Nifedipine Block of the Human Heart Delayed
... included in the analysis. Solutions. For W/C and O/O macropatches, the control pipette filling solution contained (in mM): KCl, 130; EGTA, 5; MgCl2, 1; HEPES, 10; Na2ATP, 4; GTP, 0.1; and was adjusted to pH 7.2 with KOH. The control bath solution contained (in mM): NaCl, 135; KCl, 5; sodium acetate, ...
... included in the analysis. Solutions. For W/C and O/O macropatches, the control pipette filling solution contained (in mM): KCl, 130; EGTA, 5; MgCl2, 1; HEPES, 10; Na2ATP, 4; GTP, 0.1; and was adjusted to pH 7.2 with KOH. The control bath solution contained (in mM): NaCl, 135; KCl, 5; sodium acetate, ...
Regulation of ryanodine receptors from skeletal and cardiac muscle
... in the RyR protein are not yet known but it was clear at an early stage that these sites are located in very different parts of the RyR protein.44 Electron microscope image reconstruction shows RyRs to have a large cytoplasmic domain (the foot region) and a relatively small transmembrane region that ...
... in the RyR protein are not yet known but it was clear at an early stage that these sites are located in very different parts of the RyR protein.44 Electron microscope image reconstruction shows RyRs to have a large cytoplasmic domain (the foot region) and a relatively small transmembrane region that ...
DOMAIN-BASED APPROACHES TO
... Voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels are used in eukaryotic organisms for the purpose of electrochemical signaling. ...
... Voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels are used in eukaryotic organisms for the purpose of electrochemical signaling. ...
Involvement of Native TRPC3 Proteins in ATP
... constitutive cation influx with 2 mmol/L Ca2⫹ in the bath likely reflects operation of a highly efficient Ca2⫹ buffering system. In line with this, when cells were exposed to higher Ca2⫹ gradients (10 mmol/L in the bath), a significant yet transient Ca2⫹ influx was observed (not shown). Ba2⫹ is not ...
... constitutive cation influx with 2 mmol/L Ca2⫹ in the bath likely reflects operation of a highly efficient Ca2⫹ buffering system. In line with this, when cells were exposed to higher Ca2⫹ gradients (10 mmol/L in the bath), a significant yet transient Ca2⫹ influx was observed (not shown). Ba2⫹ is not ...
Involvement of the Sieve Element Cytoskeleton in
... and its spatial distribution in SEs have not been visually documented thus far. The existence of an SE cytoskeleton would raise questions regarding its task(s) in this highly specialized cell type. In other plant cells, the cytoskeleton was proposed to be engaged, among others, in ion channel operat ...
... and its spatial distribution in SEs have not been visually documented thus far. The existence of an SE cytoskeleton would raise questions regarding its task(s) in this highly specialized cell type. In other plant cells, the cytoskeleton was proposed to be engaged, among others, in ion channel operat ...
Making an Effort to Listen: Mechanical Amplification in the Ear
... active hair-bundle motility, which emerges from the interaction of negative hair-bundle stiffness and myosin-based adaptation motors. Taken together, these phenomena explain the four characteristics of the ear’s active process. In the high-frequency region of the mammalian cochlea, the active proces ...
... active hair-bundle motility, which emerges from the interaction of negative hair-bundle stiffness and myosin-based adaptation motors. Taken together, these phenomena explain the four characteristics of the ear’s active process. In the high-frequency region of the mammalian cochlea, the active proces ...
Encapsulation Services
... Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers. The structure of the phospholipid molecule generally consists of hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head. A liposome is a spherical vesicle having at least one lipid bilayer. Th ...
... Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers. The structure of the phospholipid molecule generally consists of hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head. A liposome is a spherical vesicle having at least one lipid bilayer. Th ...
Calcium diffusion models and transmitter release in
... s a first approximation, one may A think of neuron cytoplasm as a single compartment. In that case, a constituent of cytoplasm with regulatory functions, such as calcium or cyclic nucleotides, can be treated as a simple variable controlling a cell function, such as transmitter release or membrane pe ...
... s a first approximation, one may A think of neuron cytoplasm as a single compartment. In that case, a constituent of cytoplasm with regulatory functions, such as calcium or cyclic nucleotides, can be treated as a simple variable controlling a cell function, such as transmitter release or membrane pe ...
Mechanosensitive channels
Mechanosensitive channels or mechanosensitive ion channels are membrane proteins capable of responding to mechanical stress over a wide dynamic range of external mechanical stimuli. They are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The channels vary in selectivity for the permeating ions from nonselective between anions and cations in bacteria, to cation selective allowing passage Ca2+, K+ and Na+ in eukaryotes, and highly selective K+ channels in bacteria and eukaryotes.All organisms, and apparently all cell types, sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. MSCs function as mechanotransducers capable of generating both electrical and ion flux signals as a response to external or internal stimuli. Under extreme turgor in bacteria, non selective MSCs such as MSCL and MSCS serve as safety valves to prevent lysis. In specialized cells of the higher organisms, other types of MSCs are probably the basis of the senses of hearing and touch and sense the stress needed for muscular coordination. However, none of these channels have been cloned. MSCs also allow plants to distinguish up from down by sensing the force of gravity. MSCs are not pressure-sensitive, but sensitive to local stress, most likely tension in the surrounding lipid bilayer.