Download Unit 10 Biotechnology review guide 2014

Name ______________________ Hr___
Unit 10 Biotechnology Review Guide
1. The human genome is made up of _______ chromosomes.
2. Microarray analysis of gene expression in a cell starts by extracting ___________from the cell.
3. Why is PCR often used in forensic (crime-related) identification work?
4. List some uses of DNA fingerprinting.
5. Gene expression profiles between normal cells and cancer cells can be compared using
__________________ technology.
6.
After using recombinant DNA to transform a bacterial cell, the bacteria can now be referred to
as a ___________________ organism.
7. In pea plants, inflated pods (R) are dominant to constricted pods (r). Write the genotypes for a
cross between inflated pods and constricted pods?
___________ x____________
8. Which DNA sequence will be cleaved by the restriction enzyme EcoRI?
______________________________
9. The offspring of the cross-fertilization of pea plants with purple flowers and pea plants with
white flowers are called ___________________.
10. A researcher has been asked to develop a new strain of corn that has high oil content and low
protein content. The lab has five pure-breeding varieties of corn with a variety of characteristics.
What kinds of traits should the researcher look for when deciding which corn plants to cross?
11. In rabbits long ears are dominant to short ears. You are given a long eared rabbit from a
friend who does not know the genotype of the rabbit. After running a test cross with a short
eared rabbit (homozygous recessive) four offspring are born. Two have long ears and two have
short ears. What is the most probable genotype of the unknown rabbit. (Hint: Assume complete
dominance, think Punnett square)
________________________________
12. The process by which plants are bred to produce larger fruits and a longer growing time is
called ____________________________________.
13. What is the name used to describe the offspring from a cross between two varieties of plants
in an attempt to create a new plant variety with traits from both parents? _______________
14. The method whereby developing pure lines, breeders preserve desirable traits is referred to
as _______________________.
15. In a test cross, if one parent’s genotype is homozygous dominant, what fraction of the
offspring will show the dominant phenotype? ___________________.
16. A DNA molecule containing regions from different sources is called ____________________.
17. List some processes in which scientists use restriction enzymes?
18. An organism’s ________________ is the complete genetic information of a cell or organism.
19. The regions of DNA that are unique to each individual are the _____________________
regions.
20. Why are viruses sometimes used in gene therapy in humans?
21. Regions of linked variations in the genome that can be associated with human diseases are
known as __________________________.
22. Any genetically engineered organism that contains a gene from another organism is called a
________________________________.
23. List some organisms that have been produced by selective breeding?
24. Selective breeding increases _________________ traits in offspring.
25. _____________________ is likely to bring together two recessive alleles for a genetic
defect?
26. Between which nucleotides is the DNA cut when EcoR1 is used? (Circle one pair)
adenine and thymine
cytosine and guanine
thymine and cytosine
adenine and guanine
27. The main function of gel electrophoresis is to separate ___________________________.
28. The process of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism is called
_______________________.
29. A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as
_____________________DNA.
30. Knowing the sequence of an organism’s DNA allows researchers to
______________________________________.
31. Analyzing DNA by gel electrophoresis allows researchers to identify __________________
and ___________________ in the genomes of different kinds of organisms.
32. During transformation, a cell takes in ________ from outside the cell.
33. Suppose a bacterial culture were mixed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for
resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. What would happen
to the bacteria containing recombinant plasmids?
34. What is an advantage of using transgenic bacteria to produce human proteins?
35. What has been an advantage of producing transgenic plants?
36. The Human Genome Project ____________________ the entire human genome.
37. The human genome was sequenced by looking for _________________________ regions of
DNA fragments.
Matching
____
A method of determining an exact genotype.
____
Inserting the DNA of one organism into the DNA of another organism.
____
The total DNA present in the nucleus of each cell.
____ Technique that separates DNA fragments by size.
____
A genetically engineered organism that contains a gene from another organism.
____
A technique aimed at correcting mutated genes that cause human diseases.
____
Genetic variations that are closely linked together.
____
An identical copy of an organism
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
restriction enzymes
genetic engineering
transgenic organism
genome
selective breeding
hybrid
haplotypes
gene therapy
gel electrophoresis
test cross
clone