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Standard Set #4: Genes are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism that specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins characteristic of that organism. Concept with Notes and Learned Information Mastery Question: a. Base Pairing Rules (Section 8.2) Explain why cytosine and guanine pair together, but never cytosine and adenine. b. Semiconservative Replication (Section 8.3) Why is the copying of DNA known as semi-conservative? Standard Set #4: Genes are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism that specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins characteristic of that organism. Concept with Notes and Learned Information c. Transcription and Types and Functions of RNA (Section 8.4) Mastery Question: Why does transcription occur in the nucleus? If there were a mutation in the DNA, how would protein synthesis be affected during each step? d. Translation and Protein Structure (Section 8.5) Does every human translate the exact same code to make lactase. Explain. Why is protein structure so important for proper functioning? What determines the structure? Standard Set #4: Genes are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism that specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins characteristic of that organism. Notes and Learned Information about Concept Mastery Question: e. Gene Expression (Section 8.6) Every cell in your body has identical DNA. Does every cell transcribe/translate every gene? Explain how this is controlled. f. Gene and Chromosomal Mutations (Section 8.7) If you had to choose one specific type of mutation to affect your cells, which one would it be? Explain your reasoning.