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Transcript
Discussion Guide Chapter 4 Mader, 10th edition 1. List the three principles of the cell theory. 2. What is the significance of the word theory in reference to the basic properties of the cell? 3. Complete the following activity on cell size. Table 1. Complete the following measurements of cell cube models Formulas A= side x side SA = 6 x side x V= side x side side x side Cell cube size Area of one Total surface Volume of cell (Length of one face (Square area of cell (Cubic units) side) units) (Square units) D = side/2 Distance from center to edge (Units) 1 2 4 Table 2. Determine the ratios of Cell-Model Measurements Cell size (Length Total surface area to volume Total surface area to mass of one side) (SA/V) (SA/M) 1 2 4 1. Which two measurements of your cell models best represent the contents (inside) of an actual cell? 2. As a cell grows larger, will it need more or less nutrients in order to survive? Explain. 3. Which organelle of a cell is in charge of controlling what enters and exits a cell? 4. Which of the measurements of your cell models best represents the organelle answered in question #3? 5. As a cell grows larger, does the surface area-to-volume ratio get larger, get smaller, or remain the same (look at table 2)? 6. As a cell grows larger, what happens to the surface area-to-mass ratio? 7. Which cell model has the greatest surface area-to-volume and surface area-to-mass ratio? 8. Give one reason why cells cannot survive when the surface area-to-volume ratio and surface area-to-mass ratios become too small (look at previous questions). 9. How many cells with s=1 would fit into a cell with s=3? 10. Which has more total surface area, one cell with s=3 or 27 cells, each with s=1? 11. There are a couple of ways that the surface area-to-volume and surface area-to-mass ratios be increased in a large cell. Describe one of them.(Hints: cells will do this when they reach a certain size. Also, how can you fit something large into smaller space????) 12. As the length of a side doubles in a cell, what happens to the distance that nutrients must travel to reach the center of the cell? 13. Look back over the lab and the questions you have answered. Describe at least two reasons why cells don’t grow indefinitely. 4. What distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes? 5. Draw and label pictures of the three common shapes of prokaryotes. 6. Color the general bacteria picture. Then label and describe the following parts. Structure Description Cell envelope Plasma membrane Mesomes Cell wall Glycocalyx or capsule Cytoplasm Nucleoid Plasmid Ribosomes Inclusion body Appendages Flagella Fimbriae Conjugation pili 7. Describe how the nucleus, the choloroplast, and the mitochondrion may have become a part of the eukaryotic cell. 8. Describe three benefits of compartmentalization found in cells. 9. For each of the following, explain how the organelles work together to perform the life functions of the cell. a. Nucleus and ribosomes b. Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies c. Endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes d. Lysosomes and Golgi bodies e. Nucleus and Endoplasmic reticulum f. Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies and vesicles g. Endoplasmic reticulum and cell membrane Cell analogies Due September 26th “It takes 3 million cells to cover the head of a pin, but only one cell project to cover a large part of your Biology grade!” Instructions: 1. Show a plant or animal cell on 6. Include the following structures appropriate to your cell: a. Cytoplasm b. Cell wall – cellulose and chitin c. Plasma membrane d. Plasmodesmata e. Choloroplast f. Centriole g. Nucleus including nuclear envelope, chromatin, chromosomes, nucleosomes, nucleolus h. Cytoskeleton -- microtubules (intermediate filaments, microfilaments), centrioles, basal bodies i. Cila and flagella j. mitochondrion k. Golgi apparatus l. vesicles (types: food, storage, central, contractile, transport) m. Lysosome and peroxisomes n. Ribosome o. Vacuole p. Endoplasmic Reticulum i. Smooth and Rough 2. Identify your cell as a plant cell or an animal cell. 3. Find the function each structure has in the cell. 4. Find a magazine, newspaper, or internet image of an everyday object which has a similar function or use as each cell structure. Write an analogy between the cell part and the everyday object. Be sure to explain the reasoning behind your analogies. 5. You may present you analogies in any creative format you choose. Just follow the guidelines above. Cell analogies collage Rubric Name: Identify the cell as plant or animal cell. 2 points ______ Includes appropriate structures for cell type, Minimum of 15 _____ Picture of cell structure, with an analogy between the cell part and the everyday object. 5 points x ________ (# of organelles) = _______ (75 points) Analogy 5 -The analogies and 4 - The analogies and functions for each functions are present organelle must be well but not well explained explained, have a picture and labeled correctly. 3 - Just the function is given and the analogy is not well explained. No picture Neatness 5 points ____ Is there apparent care taken? Typed or neatly written? Originality 3 points ______ Total 85 points _______ 2 - Just the function and little or no analogy. May or may not have a picture.