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Transcript
Cellular Transport Notes About Cell Membranes 1.Functions: a.Controls what enters and exits the cell to maintain homeostasis (balance). b.Provides protection and support for the cell TEM picture of a real cell membrane. About Cell Membranes (continued) 2. Structure Phospholipid Bilayer -2 layers of phospholipids a. Phosphate head is hydrophyllic(water loving) b. Fatty acid tails are hydrophobic (water fearing) c. Proteins embedded in Phospholipid Phospholipid Bilayer Polar heads Fluid Mosaic love water Model of the & dissolve. cell membrane Non-polar tails hide from water. Carbohydrate cell markers Proteins Membrane movement animation About Cell Membranes (continued) 4. Cell membranes are: a. Selectively (Semi)- permeable: Allows some molecules to pass and not others. Pores Cell Membrane • Permeable- Able to pass through • Impermeable- Unable to pass through • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prfMU wjobo8 Structure of the Cell Membrane Outside of cell Proteins Lipid Bilayer Transport Protein Animations of membrane Go to structure Section: Carbohydrate chains Phospholipids Inside of cell (cytoplasm) Types of Cellular Transport •Animations of Active Transport & Passive Transport • Weeee!! ! Passive Transport cell doesn’t use energy 1. Simple Diffusion 2. Facilitated Diffusion 3. Osmosis • high low Active Transport cell does use energy 1. Endocytosis 2. Exocytosis This is gonna be hard work!! high low Passive Transport • cell uses no energy • Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Weeee!! • (HighLow) ! high low 3 Types of Passive Transport 1. Diffusion 2. Facilitative Diffusion – diffusion with the help of transport proteins 3. Osmosis – diffusion of water Passive Transport: Simple Diffusion Animation Diffusion: • Movement of materials from high to low concentration. • Movement continues until equilibrium (homeostasis) is reached. http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm Passive Transport: Facilitated diffusion • diffusion of larger particles through transport proteins found in the membrane A B Facilitated diffusion (Channel Protein) Diffusion (Lipid Bilayer) Carrier Protein Passive Transport: Osmosis animation Osmosis • diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from high to low concentration. •Water moves freely through pores. •Solute (green) to large to move across. Active Transport •cell uses energy •Movement from low to high concentration. •(Low High) This is gonna be hard work!! high low Types of Active Transport Endocytosis: – taking very big material into a cell – Uses energy Types of Active Transport Exocytosis: • Forces material out of cell • Requires energy Endocytosis & Exocytosis animations Sodium Potassium Pump • uses energy to transport Sodium and Potassium ions in and out of the cell • The pump is powered by a molecule of ATP Effects of Osmosis on Life • Osmosis- diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane • Water is so small and there is so much of it the cell can’t control it’s movement through the cell membrane. • Hypotonic Solution Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions Hypotonic: The solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell. (Low solute; High water solution) Result: Water moves from the solution to inside the cell): Cell Swells and GAINS MASS! • Hypertonic Solution Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions Hypertonic: The solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than inside the cell. (High solute; Low water solution) shrinks Result: Water moves from inside the cell into the solution: Cell shrinks and LOSES MASS! • Isotonic Solution Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions Isotonic: The concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell. Result: Water moves equally in both directions and the cell remains same size! (Equilibrium) What type of solution are these cells in? A B C Hypertonic Isotonic Hypotonic How Organisms Deal with Osmotic Pressure • Paramecium (protist) removing excess water video •Bacteria and plants have cell walls that prevent them from over-expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called tugor pressure. •A protist like paramecium has contractile vacuoles that collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them from over-expanding. •Salt water fish pump salt out of their specialized gills so they do not dehydrate. •Animal cells are bathed in blood. Kidneys keep the blood isotonic by remove excess salt and water. This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.