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Transcript
Parts of a Cell Cell Wall • Found in plant cells- not animal cells. 1.Helps protect and support plant so it can grow tall. 2.Does allow water, carbon dioxide & certain dissolved materials into and out of the cell. 3.Cell wall is made of cellulose(long chain of sugar molecules that the cell makes.) Cell Membrane • Plant cell, just inside the cell wall. • Animal cell, it forms the outer covering of the cell. 1.Porous membrane 2.Provides protection and supports the cell 3.Separates cell’s content from its environment 4.Controls materials going into and out of the cell Nucleus • • • • • “Brain” of the cell. Controls all activites in the cell. Contains cell’s DNA Near center of the cell Surrounded by nuclear membrane. (Allows material to pass into or out.) Chromosomes 1. Thick rod-like objects in nucleus 2. Directs all activities of cell growth and reproduction 3. Pass on traits of cells to new cells 4. Made up of nucleic acids • Two nucleic acids found in cells are DNA and RNA. DNA stays in nucleus and RNA leaves nucleus through pores in nuclear membrane. Nucleolus 1. Dark area in center of nucleus 2. “Little nucleus” 3. Site of ribosome production Cytoplasm 1. Clear, thick, jellylike substance. 2. Found between nucleus and cell membrane. 3. Constantly moving, streaming throughout the cell. 4. Home to many important organelles. Endoplasmic Reticulum-ER 1. Looks rough because studded with ribosomes 2. Usually found near the nucleus 3. Delivers proteins throughout the cell Smooth ER 1. Lacks ribosomes 2. Releases lipids, such as hormones that are used in cell 3. Break down toxic materials that could damage the cell Ribosomes 1. Produced in nucleolus. 2. Protein making sites. 3. Many ribosomes are found in ER and some float freely in the cytoplasm. 4. All cells have ribosomes. 5. Made primarily of nucleic acid RNA. Mitochondria 1. 2. 3. 4. Supply most of the energy. Rod-shaped structures. Known as “Powerhouse” of the cell Breakdown sugar and make ATP (adenosine triphosphate). • Large amounts of energy are released during breakdown of sugars. • Mitochondria gathers this energy and stores it. 5. More active the cell-more mitochondria. Vacuoles 1. Large, round water-filled sac. 2. Act like “storage tanks.” 3. Stores food, other materials needed by cell & waste products. 4. Plants = 1 very large one. 5. Animals = few small ones. • In plants, vacuoles are main water-storage areas. Lysosomes 1. Small, round structures involved with digestive activities. 2. “Clean up crew” of the cell 3. Break nutrient particles into smaller pieces 4. Destroy worn-out/damaged cells – Common in animal cells but not often found in plant cells. Golgi Bodies 1. Looks like a smooth ER. 2. Packages and distributes proteins 3. Lipids and proteins from the ER are delivered to Golgi Complex where they may be modified to different jobs. 4. Final products are enclosed in a piece of the membrane. Vesicles 1. Small sac that surrounds materials to be moved into or out of the cell 2. Move material within cell 3. Bubble that forms from Golgi Bodies Chloroplast 1. Large irregularly shaped green structures in cytoplasm. 2. Green due to chlorophyll. 3. Captures energy of sunlight and used to help produce food for plant cell. 4. Where photosynthesis takes place Cytoskeleton 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Gives cell its shape Hold organelles in place Acts as both a muscle and skeleton Keeps cell membrane from collapsing Help some move