Download Parts of a Cell

Parts of a Cell
Cell Wall
• Found in plant cells- not animal cells.
1.Helps protect and support plant so it can
grow tall.
2.Does allow water, carbon dioxide & certain
dissolved materials into and out of the cell.
3.Cell wall is made of cellulose(long chain of sugar molecules
that the cell makes.)
Cell Membrane
• Plant cell, just inside the cell wall.
• Animal cell, it forms the outer covering of
the cell.
1.Porous membrane
2.Provides protection and supports the cell
3.Separates cell’s content from its
environment
4.Controls materials going
into and out of the cell
Nucleus
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“Brain” of the cell.
Controls all activites in the cell.
Contains cell’s DNA
Near center of the cell
Surrounded by nuclear membrane.
(Allows material to pass into or out.)
Chromosomes
1. Thick rod-like objects in nucleus
2. Directs all activities of cell growth and
reproduction
3. Pass on traits of cells to new cells
4. Made up of nucleic acids
• Two nucleic acids found in
cells are DNA and RNA.
DNA stays in nucleus and
RNA leaves nucleus through
pores in nuclear membrane.
Nucleolus
1. Dark area in center of nucleus
2. “Little nucleus”
3. Site of ribosome production
Cytoplasm
1. Clear, thick, jellylike substance.
2. Found between nucleus and cell
membrane.
3. Constantly moving, streaming
throughout the cell.
4. Home to many
important organelles.
Endoplasmic Reticulum-ER
1. Looks rough because studded with
ribosomes
2. Usually found near the nucleus
3. Delivers proteins throughout the cell
Smooth ER
1. Lacks ribosomes
2. Releases lipids, such as hormones
that are used in cell
3. Break down toxic materials that could
damage the cell
Ribosomes
1. Produced in nucleolus.
2. Protein making sites.
3. Many ribosomes are found in ER and
some float freely in the cytoplasm.
4. All cells have ribosomes.
5. Made primarily of nucleic acid RNA.
Mitochondria
1.
2.
3.
4.
Supply most of the energy.
Rod-shaped structures.
Known as “Powerhouse” of the cell
Breakdown sugar and make ATP
(adenosine triphosphate).
• Large amounts of energy are released during
breakdown of sugars.
• Mitochondria gathers this energy and stores it.
5. More active the cell-more mitochondria.
Vacuoles
1. Large, round water-filled sac.
2. Act like “storage tanks.”
3. Stores food, other materials
needed by cell & waste products.
4. Plants = 1 very large one.
5. Animals = few small ones.
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In plants, vacuoles are main
water-storage areas.
Lysosomes
1. Small, round structures involved with
digestive activities.
2. “Clean up crew” of the cell
3. Break nutrient particles into smaller
pieces
4. Destroy worn-out/damaged cells
– Common in animal cells but not often found in
plant cells.
Golgi Bodies
1. Looks like a smooth ER.
2. Packages and distributes proteins
3. Lipids and proteins from the ER are delivered
to Golgi Complex where they may be modified
to different jobs.
4. Final products are enclosed in a piece of the
membrane.
Vesicles
1. Small sac that surrounds materials to be
moved into or out of the cell
2. Move material within cell
3. Bubble that forms
from Golgi Bodies
Chloroplast
1. Large irregularly shaped green
structures in cytoplasm.
2. Green due to chlorophyll.
3. Captures energy of
sunlight and used to
help
produce food for
plant cell.
4. Where photosynthesis takes place
Cytoskeleton
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Gives cell its shape
Hold organelles in place
Acts as both a muscle and skeleton
Keeps cell membrane from collapsing
Help some move