Download The Cell

The Cell
And Its Organelles
The Cell
• The basic unit of structure and function in living
things
What are Prokaryotes?
• Characteristics
– No nucleus
– No membrane-bound
organelles
– Circular DNA
– A cell wall
• Organism made of
one cell.
Bacteria is the most common
Prokaryote.
• Bacteria are the smallest known cells.
• Bacteria live almost everywhere.
What are Eukaryotes?
Characteristics
• Have a nucleus that
holds DNA.
• Have membranebound organelles.
• 10 times larger than prokaryotic cells.
• Can have one cell or many cells.
• Multi cellular organisms include plants and
animals.
PLANT CELL
ANIMAL CELL
Organelles
• The tiny structures in
the cell that carry out
the specific functions
in the cell
Cell Wall
• Outer layer
• A stiff wall that surrounds
the cell membrane
•
• gives cell a rigid boxlike
shape
• Function: protection &
support
• Made of cellulose
• Plant cell only
Cell Membrane
“The Gate Keeper”
• Outside boundary that
separates the cell from its
environment
• Function:
controls what comes in and
out of the cell
• Made of phospholipids
• In both plant and animal
cells.
Cell Pictures
Cell wall
Cell
membrane
Cell
membrane
NUCLEUS
• Acts as the “brain” of
the cell or the control
center
• Large, oval
• Where DNA is found
• Found in plant and
animal cells
CYTOPLASM
• A gel-like fluid found
throughout the entire cell
wherein the organelles
are found.
• Acts as a shock absorber
for the cell and its
organelles
• Found in both plant and
animal cells
RIBOSOMES
•
•
•
•
Factories that produce proteins
Smallest organelle in the cell
Most abundant organelle
Found in both plant and animal
MITOCHONDRIA
• The “powerhouse” of the
cell
• Breaks down sugar
molecules to make ATP.
• The cell uses ATP to do
work.
• Has its own DNA
• Found in plant and animal
cells
CHLOROPLASTS
• Captures energy from
the sunlight and uses
it to produce food for
the cell
(photosynthesis)
• Green, oval usually
containing chlorophyll
(green pigment)
• Found only in the
plant cell
• Has its own DNA
VACUOLES
• Storage area of the
cell
• Function:
Stores food and water
• Plants have one large
vacuole for water
LYSOSOMES
• Cell’s cleanup crew
• Breaks down old
cell parts and
releases the
substances so they
can be used again.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• Nickname: “Roads”
• Internal delivery system
of a cell
• Rough ER - covered in
ribosomes. Helps make
proteins.
• Smooth ER – No
ribosomes. Makes lipids
GOLGI BODIES
• “The Shippers” or “The
Mailroom”
• Receives proteins and
other materials from the
ER, packages them ad
distributes them to other
parts of the cell.
• Looks like a stack of
pancakes
• In plant and animal cells
Cytoskeleton
• Web of proteins in
cytoplasm
• Keeps cell from
collapsing
• In Plant and animal
cells
Vesicle
• A small sac that
surrounds material
to be moved
material in, out, or
within a cell.
• In plant and animal
cells