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Transcript
The Cell And Its Organelles The Cell • The basic unit of structure and function in living things What are Prokaryotes? • Characteristics – No nucleus – No membrane-bound organelles – Circular DNA – A cell wall • Organism made of one cell. Bacteria is the most common Prokaryote. • Bacteria are the smallest known cells. • Bacteria live almost everywhere. What are Eukaryotes? Characteristics • Have a nucleus that holds DNA. • Have membranebound organelles. • 10 times larger than prokaryotic cells. • Can have one cell or many cells. • Multi cellular organisms include plants and animals. PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL Organelles • The tiny structures in the cell that carry out the specific functions in the cell Cell Wall • Outer layer • A stiff wall that surrounds the cell membrane • • gives cell a rigid boxlike shape • Function: protection & support • Made of cellulose • Plant cell only Cell Membrane “The Gate Keeper” • Outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment • Function: controls what comes in and out of the cell • Made of phospholipids • In both plant and animal cells. Cell Pictures Cell wall Cell membrane Cell membrane NUCLEUS • Acts as the “brain” of the cell or the control center • Large, oval • Where DNA is found • Found in plant and animal cells CYTOPLASM • A gel-like fluid found throughout the entire cell wherein the organelles are found. • Acts as a shock absorber for the cell and its organelles • Found in both plant and animal cells RIBOSOMES • • • • Factories that produce proteins Smallest organelle in the cell Most abundant organelle Found in both plant and animal MITOCHONDRIA • The “powerhouse” of the cell • Breaks down sugar molecules to make ATP. • The cell uses ATP to do work. • Has its own DNA • Found in plant and animal cells CHLOROPLASTS • Captures energy from the sunlight and uses it to produce food for the cell (photosynthesis) • Green, oval usually containing chlorophyll (green pigment) • Found only in the plant cell • Has its own DNA VACUOLES • Storage area of the cell • Function: Stores food and water • Plants have one large vacuole for water LYSOSOMES • Cell’s cleanup crew • Breaks down old cell parts and releases the substances so they can be used again. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • Nickname: “Roads” • Internal delivery system of a cell • Rough ER - covered in ribosomes. Helps make proteins. • Smooth ER – No ribosomes. Makes lipids GOLGI BODIES • “The Shippers” or “The Mailroom” • Receives proteins and other materials from the ER, packages them ad distributes them to other parts of the cell. • Looks like a stack of pancakes • In plant and animal cells Cytoskeleton • Web of proteins in cytoplasm • Keeps cell from collapsing • In Plant and animal cells Vesicle • A small sac that surrounds material to be moved material in, out, or within a cell. • In plant and animal cells