Download Please pass last week`s warm up to the aisle. HW # 63: Read and

Week 22, Day One Please pass last week’s warm up to the aisle. HW # 63: Read and take notes (in your Google Doc). See the website for details. Bring CANDY for Friday. Warm Up-­‐ Copy and do. Grab an iPad, log in to Google Drive. Show me your quesOons from the Strawberry Lab. What do the words below have in common? -­‐-­‐Chromosome -­‐-­‐DNA -­‐-­‐Genes -­‐-­‐Alleles •  Review Strawberry Lab •  Discuss DNA •  Video Strawberry DNA ExtracOon *DNA present in every cell *Salt breaks up protein chains *Soap dissolves lipids in the cell wall & nuclear membrane *Ethanol-­‐ DNA is soluble in water, not in alcohol. What did the DNA look like? Relate what you know about the chemical structure of DNA to what you observed today. Explain what happened in the final step when you added ethanol to your strawberry extract. A person cannot see a single co[on thread 100 feet away, but if you wound thousands of threads together into a rope, it would be visible much farther away. Is this statement analogous to our DNA extracOon? Explain. Why is it important for scienOsts to be able to remove DNA from an organism? List two reasons. Is there DNA in your food? How do you know? Using the words below, make a concept map (web to show how you think the words are related). DNA Chromosome Gene Allele Nucleus Cell Cell division Mitosis Protein GeneOc code Video (4 min) GeneOcs 101 Inside our cells is a nucleus. Like a recipe that gives the instrucOons to make a cake, the nucleus gives the cell the instrucOons to make the things it needs! Discovery of the Double Helix
•  By 1900:components of DNA were known
–  sugar, phosphate and bases
•  By 1953: x ray diffraction determined geometry of DNA
molecule
•  Nobel Prize awarded in 1962 to 3 men: Watson, Crick
and Wilkins but not to Rosalind Franklin who died of
cancer at 37 getting the x ray data that provided the
answers.
Figure 4.4
DNA • DNA: the chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries the geneOc instrucOons for making living organisms. • The material inside the nucleus of cells that carries geneOc informaOon. •  The scienOfic name for DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. Our DNA is very long ? So how does it all fit into the nucleus? It is stored in chromosomes Here is a picture of a pair of pig chromosomes.
We can see them because they have been made to fluoresce. Pigs have 19 chromosome pairs in total
This is a picture of a male pig’s full set of chromosomes
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in total Here are some human chromosomes inside a cell, which have been made to fluoresce. Different bits of the
chromosomes do
different things.
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These different bits are called genes. Gene •  A gene is the funcOonal and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. •  Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the informaOon for making a specific protein. Genome •  A genome is all the DNA contained in an organism or a cell, which includes the chromosomes plus the DNA in mitochondria (and DNA in the chloroplasts of plant cells). •  humans have estimated 30-35,000
genes
•  other 98% of DNA noncoding –
“junk” or regulatory
Fill in the blanks using the words at the bo>om: ______ are the basic building blocks for life.
Inside each ______ is one ______ .
Our ______ is stored in the nucleus.
Our DNA is very ______ so it is stored in ______.
Different bits of chromosomes are called
______.
Different genes tell our bodies ______ things .
We have ______ copies of every gene.
______ in our genes cause problems.
different two errors
DNA nucleus cells chromosomes cell genes long Revise your concept map (and import another picture). Also, add the following IMPORTANT informaOon to your doc: WHAT IS REALLY IMPORTANT is that DNA codes for proteins. If there is a mistake in how DNA is copied, then the proteins don’t fold correctly and you get proteins that do not funcOon properly. Warm up-­‐ closure: What do the words below have in common? -­‐-­‐Chromosome -­‐-­‐DNA -­‐-­‐Genes -­‐-­‐Alleles Homework details: Be sure to check the website.